Reading Section Papers

Read the following text. 10

1. The growing enthusiasm for sustainable fashion signals a welcome change in the apparel industry, long criticized for its environmental and social impact. This movement champions clothing made with ethical production methods and eco-friendly materials, moving away from the fast-fashion model that encourages rapid consumption and disposal. It represents a conscious effort to make clothing choices that benefit both people and the planet. 2. Central to sustainable fashion is its commitment to environmental responsibility. Unlike conventional manufacturing, which often relies on synthetic fabrics and resource-intensive processes, sustainable brands prioritize organic cotton, recycled polyester, hemp, and innovative materials like Tencel. Production methods typically consume less water and energy, minimize chemical use, and aim to reduce textile waste. This focus lessens the carbon footprint of clothing. 3. Beyond ecological concerns, the ethical treatment of garment workers forms a cornerstone of this movement. Fast fashion has often been linked to exploitative labor practices, low wages, and unsafe working conditions in factories worldwide. Sustainable fashion advocates for fair wages, safe environments, and respectful treatment for all involved in the supply chain, ensuring that human rights are upheld from farm to factory. 4. Adopting sustainable fashion practices also offers benefits for consumers. Investing in high-quality, durable garments means clothes last longer, reducing the need for frequent replacements and ultimately saving money. Consumers become more aware of the stories behind their clothes, fostering a deeper connection to their wardrobe rather than just chasing fleeting trends. This thoughtful approach encourages conscious consumerism. 5. Shifting the fashion industry towards sustainability requires collective action from various stakeholders. Governments can implement stricter regulations on manufacturing practices and incentivize eco-friendly innovations. Brands must commit to transparency, ethical sourcing, and circular design principles. Consumers, crucially, empower this change by supporting sustainable brands, repairing clothes, choosing second-hand options, and demanding greater accountability from the industry. 6. In essence, sustainable fashion offers a powerful pathway towards a more responsible and equitable future for clothing. It challenges the prevailing linear model of production and waste, proposing a circular system that respects natural resources and human labor. Embracing this mindful approach can transform our relationship with clothes, fostering a wardrobe that is both stylish and socially conscious.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why is the growing enthusiasm for sustainable fashion considered a ‘welcome change’ in paragraph 1? 1Page 2 Sample Paper 01 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

ii. According to paragraph 1, the sustainable fashion movement champions all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) clothing made with ethical production methods (B) eco-friendly materials (C) rapid consumption and disposal (D) conscious clothing choices

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Sustainable fashion aims to reduce ______ (textile waste / chemical use). (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘fleeting trends’ suggests in paragraph 4. 1(A) Fashion styles that remain popular for a very long time. (B) Fashion styles that are environmentally friendly. (C) Fashion styles that are popular for only a short period.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1organic cotton: eco-friendly :: ______ :______ (Paragraph 2) (A) fast fashion: low wages (B) synthetic fabrics: sustainable

vi. What forms the cornerstone of the sustainable fashion movement beyond ecological concerns? (Paragraph 3) 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Sustainable fashion helps consumers save money in the long run. (ii) Consumers should only buy new clothes frequently. (iii) Shifting to sustainability requires collective action from various stakeholders. (iv) Governments alone can make the fashion industry sustainable. (v) Repairing clothes is not a sustainable practice. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How does sustainable fashion offer a powerful pathway towards a more responsible and equitable future for clothing? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. Urban green spaces, such as parks, gardens, and forests, are crucial for improving the quality of life in cities. These areas provide benefits like reducing air pollution, moderating urban temperatures, and offering recreational opportunities. Green spaces absorb approximately 40% more carbon dioxide than built-up areas, helping to mitigate the urban heat island effect, where cities can be 5-7°C warmer than nearby rural areas. 2. Research shows that urban green spaces positively impact mental and physical health. People who live within 1 kilometer of a green space have a 15% lower risk of mental health issues like anxiety and depression. Additionally, access to parks promotes physical activity, reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular disorders. NODIA APP Sample Paper 01 Solutions Page 3 3. Despite their importance, many cities are losing green spaces due to rapid urbanization. Over the past 20 years, cities globally have experienced a 30% decrease in available public green areas, largely because of construction and development pressures. 4. Urban planners are increasingly working to address this issue by implementing initiatives to protect existing green spaces and create new ones. These include vertical gardens, rooftop parks, and the development of green corridors. Cities that prioritize these solutions have seen improvements in air quality and overall public health. 5. Experts emphasize the need for sustainable urban planning to ensure future cities remain livable. By maintaining and expanding green spaces, cities can better cope with the challenges posed by climate change, air pollution, and population growth.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What percentage of carbon dioxide do green spaces absorb more than built-up areas, as mentioned in paragraph 1? 1(A) 20% (B) 30% (C) 40% (D) 50%

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : Green spaces help reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Reason : Access to parks and natural areas encourages physical activity, improving overall health. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. What percentage decrease in public green areas have cities experienced globally over the past 20 years, as mentioned in the passage? 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two major benefits of urban green spaces? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1Many cities are implementing creative solutions to restore urban green areas and counter the impacts of urbanization. The percentage of carbon dioxide absorbed more by green spaces compared to built-up areas is _____ (20% / 30% / 40%).

vi. What are some of the methods mentioned in the passage that urban planners are using to protect and expand green spaces? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1Urban green spaces help promote public health by _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Urban planners emphasize the importance of green spaces because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is sustainable urban planning essential for the future of cities? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The increasing popularity of remote learning, particularly accelerated by recent global events, marks a significant shift in educational delivery. Once considered a niche alternative, online education has proven its capacity to provide flexible and accessible learning opportunities to students across various demographics. This evolving landscape offers both distinct advantages and new challenges that educators and learners must navigate effectively. 2. One of the most compelling benefits of remote learning is its unparalleled flexibility. Students can access educational content and participate in classes from virtually anywhere with an internet connection. This eliminates geographical barriers and often allows for more personalized schedules, which can be particularly beneficial for students balancing studies with work, family commitments, or other responsibilities. It also opens doors for learners in remote areas who might not have access to traditional brick-and-mortar institutions. 3. Furthermore, online platforms often offer a wealth of diverse resources and innovative learning tools. Digital libraries, interactive simulations, virtual labs, and multimedia presentations can enrich the learning experience beyond what traditional textbooks alone can provide. These resources cater to different learning styles and can make complex subjects more engaging and comprehensible, fostering deeper understanding and independent inquiry. 4. However, remote learning is not without its drawbacks. A significant challenge is ensuring equitable access to technology and reliable internet connectivity, especially in underserved communities. The ‘digital divide’ can exclude students who lack the necessary devices or stable internet, widening educational disparities. Moreover, the absence of face-to-face interaction can sometimes lead to feelings of isolation and make it harder for some students to stay motivated and engaged without direct peer and teacher presence. 5. Maintaining engagement and fostering a sense of community in a virtual environment also requires specific strategies. Educators must adapt their teaching methods, utilizing interactive online discussions, collaborative projects, and frequent feedback mechanisms. For students, developing self-discipline, time management skills, and actively participating in virtual spaces are crucial for success. Technical support and mental health resources also need to be readily available. 6. Ultimately, while remote learning presents apowerful tool for expanding educational access and innovating pedagogy, its success hinges on careful planning and equitable implementation. By addressing challenges such as digital equity and fostering strong virtual communities, online education can truly complement traditional schooling, creating a more inclusive, flexible, and resilient educational system for the future. Its potential to transform learning for many is undeniable. Page 2 Sample Paper 02 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why is the increasing popularity of remote learning considered a ‘significant shift’ in educational delivery in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, online education offers all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) flexible learning opportunities (B) accessible learning opportunities (C) a niche alternative (D) capacity to provide education across demographics

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Remote learning eliminates ______ (geographical/social) barriers. (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘wealth of diverse resources’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) Online platforms offer a very limited number of learning materials. (B) There is a large and varied collection of educational tools available online. (C) Digital libraries are the only resources provided by online platforms.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1digital libraries: content :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 3) (A) virtual labs: practical experience (B) traditional textbooks: limited reach

vi. What are the primary benefits of remote learning highlighted in paragraph 2? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Equitable access to technology is a major challenge in remote learning. (ii) Face-to-face interaction is always necessary for motivation. (iii) Fostering community in virtual environments requires specific strategies. (iv) Digital divide widens educational disparities. (v) Educators do not need to adapt their teaching methods for online learning. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i, iv iii (B) ii v(C) i iv, v (D) iii ii, iv

viii. How can the success of remote learning be ensured, according to paragraph 6? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, have become critical for addressing global energy needs and combating climate change. Solar energy, for example, is growing rapidly, with global solar capacity increasing by 20% each year for the past decade. Wind energy, on the other hand, accounts for 8% of global electricity generation. 2. Renewable energy has significant environmental benefits, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike fossil fuels, renewables generate power without releasing harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. It is estimated that switching to NODIA APP Sample Paper 02 Solutions Page 3 renewable energy can reduce global CO 2 emissions by 40%. 3. Despite these benefits, challenges remain in the widespread adoption of renewable energy. High initial costs and the need for better energy storage solutions are two key obstacles. Additionally, the inconsistent availability of sunlight or wind in some regions makes it difficult to rely solely on renewables. 4. Governments and private sectors are investing in research and development to make renewable energy more affordable and efficient. Innovations such as advanced battery storage and floating solar farms are being explored. Several countries have set ambitious goals, aiming to source at least 50% of their energy from renewable sources by 2050. 5. Experts believe that the transition to renewable energy is essential for long-term sustainability. By continuing to develop and implement these technologies, the world can reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and create a cleaner, more sustainable energy future.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase ‘critical for addressing global energy needs’ by the writer, in paragraph 1, tell us about the importance of renewable energy? 1(A) The writer is emphasizing the essential role of renewable energy. (B) The writer is downplaying the significance of renewable energy. (C) The writer is questioning the reliability of renewable energy. (D) The writer is expressing doubt about the future of renewable energy.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : Renewable energy sources do not contribute to climate change.

Reason : Renewables generate power without releasing greenhouse gases or other harmful pollutants. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the percentage of the potential reduction in global CO 2 emissions that can be achieved by switching to renewable energy, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two major challenges that hinder the widespread adoption of renewable energy? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1Global solar capacity has increased by 20% each year for the past decade, showing rapid growth in renewable energy. The percentage of global electricity generation currently sourced from wind energy is _____ (5% / 8% / 12%).

vi. What are some of the innovative methods mentioned in the passage that are being developed to make renewable energy more efficient and reliable? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1The transition to renewable energy is essential because _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts emphasize the importance of renewable energy because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is the transition to renewable energy crucial for long-term sustainability? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The increasing focus on digital citizenship has become essential in our interconnected world, where online interactions are as common as real-life ones. This concept refers to the responsible, ethical, and safe use of technology, encompassing awareness of rights and responsibilities in the digital realm. As more aspects of daily life move online, understanding digital citizenship is crucial for navigating the internet positively and safely. 2. Firstly, effective digital citizenship involves practicing digital literacy. This means not only knowing how to operate devices and software but also understanding how to find, evaluate, and create information online. Discerning reliable sources from misinformation, understanding data privacy settings, and recognizing online scams are all vital skills for navigating the vast digital landscape critically and intelligently. 3. Another key aspect is practicing digital etiquette. Just as in face-to-face interactions, appropriate behavior and respectful communication are paramount online. This includes avoiding cyberbullying, refraining from sharing private information without consent, and engaging in constructive dialogue. Respecting intellectual property, such as copyright, also falls under this category, ensuring fair and ethical online conduct. 4. Furthermore, protecting one’s digital security is a core component of responsible online behavior. This involves creating strong, unique passwords, being wary of suspicious links or attachments, and understanding the risks associated with public Wi-Fi. Protecting personal data from breaches and identity theft is increasingly important, requiring users to be proactive in safeguarding their online presence. 5. Promoting positive online engagement is also a vital element. This encourages individuals to use digital tools for learning, collaboration, and community building. Participating in online discussions respectfully, contributing to open-source projects, and using social media for positive causes exemplify good digital citizenship, turning online spaces into constructive environments rather than merely platforms for consumption. 6. Ultimately, fostering strong digital citizenship skills equips individuals to harness the immense potential of the internet while minimizing its inherent risks. It builds a foundation for a safer, more inclusive, and more productive online community. Educating young people and adults alike about these principles is an investment in a future where technology serves to enhance, rather than detract from, human well-being and societal harmony.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why has the increasing focus on digital citizenship become ‘essential’ in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, understanding digital citizenship is crucial for all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) navigating the internet positively (B) navigating the internet safely Page 2 Sample Paper 04 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL (C) limiting online interactions (D) responsible use of technology

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Digital literacy involves discerning reliable sources from ______ (misinformation/ advertisements). (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘paramount online’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) Appropriate behavior is rarely important in online interactions. (B) Respectful communication is of the highest importance in online settings. (C) Online etiquette is a suggestion rather than a requirement.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1strong passwords: digital security :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 4) (A) suspicious links: safety (B) cyberbullying: digital etiquette

vi. What does effective digital literacy encompass beyond just operating devices and software? (Paragraph 2) 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Protecting one’s digital security is a core component of online behavior. (ii) Public Wi-Fi poses no risks to personal data. (iii) Promoting positive online engagement is a vital element. (iv) Social media should only be used for personal consumption. (v) Creating unique passwords is not important. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) ii iv (B) v i(C) v iii (D) i iii

viii. How does fostering strong digital citizenship skills benefit individuals and the online community? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. Air pollution is one of the leading environmental health risks, causing approximately 7 million deaths annually. Major sources of air pollution include emissions from vehicles, industrial activities, and the burning of fossil fuels. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 91% of the world’s population lives in areas where air quality exceeds recommended limits. 2. Fine particulate matter, also known as PM2.5, is especially harmful. These tiny particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, leading to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that a 10 μg/m³ increase in PM2.5 levels is associated with a 6% increase in the risk of premature death. 3. In response to rising air pollution levels, many cities are adopting measures such as promoting public transportation, reducing industrial emissions, and encouraging the use of renewable energy. Countries that have implemented stricter air quality standards have seen up to a 30% decrease in PM2.5 levels over the past decade. 4. While these efforts have made progress, much more needs to be done. Experts warn that without global cooperation and stricter regulations, air pollution-related deaths could rise by 50% by 2050. NODIA APP Sample Paper 04 Solutions Page 3 5. Addressing air pollution is critical for protecting public health, reducing healthcare costs, and combating climate change. By adopting cleaner technologies and more sustainable practices, the world can reduce the deadly impact of air pollution on both people and the planet.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “leading environmental health risks” by the writer, in paragraph 1, tell us about the severity of air pollution? 1(A) The writer believes air pollution has no major health impact. (B) The writer is highlighting air pollution as a significant global health threat. (C) The writer is downplaying the seriousness of air pollution. (D) The writer is unsure about the effects of air pollution.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) poses a major threat to public health.

Reason : PM 2.5 particles can enter the bloodstream and increase the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the percentage of the world’s population that lives in areas where air quality exceeds recommended limits, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two main sources of air pollution? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1Efforts to reduce air pollution levels have been implemented in many countries, with positive results. The percentage decrease in PM2.5 levels in countries with stricter air quality standards is _____ (10% / 20% / 30%).

vi. What are some of the strategies mentioned in the passage that cities are using to combat rising air pollution levels? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1Air pollution increases the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases by _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts emphasize the importance of addressing air pollution because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is addressing air pollution critical for the future of public health and the environment? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The enduring importance of reading for young minds remains undiminished, even in an era dominated by digital screens and instant information. Beyond merely acquiring knowledge, engaging with books profoundly shapes cognitive development, emotional intelligence, and overall academic success. It offers a unique pathway to exploring new worlds and understanding complex ideas, far exceeding the passive consumption of visual media. 2. A multitude of cognitive benefits arise from regular reading. For instance, the act of following a narrative strengthens critical thinking skills as readers analyze plots, characters, and themes. It significantly enhances vocabulary and improves comprehension, allowing young people to grasp more nuanced meanings in both written and spoken language. Furthermore, consistent reading helps in developing stronger memory retention and sharper analytical abilities, crucial for problem-solving. 3. Moreover, reading plays a vital role in nurturing emotional and social development. Through stories, children and teenagers encounter diverse characters and situations, fostering empathy as they imagine themselves in others’ shoes. This exposure to different perspectives helps them understand varied cultures, beliefs, and human experiences, broadening their worldview and promoting tolerance. It provides a safe space to explore emotions and build resilience. 4. Practical advantages extend to academic performance as well. Strong reading habits directly contribute to better writing skills, as students absorb sentence structures and effective communication styles. General knowledge expands exponentially, equipping learners with a wider base of information that aids in all subjects, from history to science. The ability to read critically is foundational for research and academic inquiry throughout their educational journey. 5. Cultivating a love for reading requires a concerted effort from parents, educators, and communities. Creating access to a wide variety of age-appropriate books, both physical and digital, is fundamental. Parents can model reading behavior and make reading a regular family activity. Schools can dedicate time for independent reading, organize book clubs, and encourage discussions about literature, making reading a joyful and shared experience. 6. Ultimately, investing in reading habits for young people is an investment in their future. It equips them with essential tools for lifelong learning, critical thinking, and compassionate engagement with the world. A well-read mind is a curious mind, capable of navigating complexities, generating innovative ideas, and contributing thoughtfully to society. The power of a good book should never be underestimated.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why is the enduring importance of reading for young minds described as ‘undiminished’ in paragraph 1? 1Page 2 Sample Paper 05 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

ii. According to paragraph 1, engaging with books shapes all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) cognitive development (B) emotional intelligence (C) passive consumption of media (D) overall academic success

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Consistent reading helps in developing stronger ______ (memory retention/visual processing). (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘fostering empathy’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) Reading stories makes readers less understanding of others’ feelings. (B) Reading stories helps develop the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. (C) Reading stories is only for personal entertainment, not emotional growth.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1vocabulary : comprehension :: ______ :______ (Paragraph 2) (A) digital screens: instant information (B) critical thinking: problem-solving

vi. What are the various cognitive benefits that arise from regular reading, as highlighted in paragraph 2? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Reading improves writing skills and general knowledge. (ii) Academic performance is unrelated to reading habits. (iii) Cultivating reading love requires collective effort. (iv) Only physical books are important for reading. (v) Schools should not encourage book clubs. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) ii iv (B) i iii (C) v ii (D) iii v

viii. How does investing in reading habits for young people prepare them for the future? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The global plastic waste crisis is one of the most pressing environmental challenges today. An estimated 300 million tons of plastic waste are produced each year, with only 9% being recycled, while 12% is incinerated, and the remaining 79% accumulates in landfills or the natural environment. Of this, over 8 million tons enter the oceans annually, impacting marine ecosystems. 2. Plastic pollution in oceans has increased dramatically over the past 50 years. By 2050, it is estimated that the amount of plastic in the ocean will outweigh all the fish. More than 100,000 marine animals, including turtles, seabirds, and marine mammals, die each year due to plastic ingestion or entanglement. Microplastics, particles less than 5mm in size, have been found in over 90% of seabirds and 100% of sea turtles tested. NODIA APP Sample Paper 05 Solutions Page 3 3. Several countries have implemented bans on single-use plastics, such as plastic bags and straws. Recycling rates have increased in some regions, but the overall recycling rate remains low. Europe recycles around 30% of its plastic waste, while in the U.S., only 9% of plastic waste is recycled. 4. Innovative solutions such as chemical recycling, which breaks plastic down to its original components, and biodegradable alternatives are being developed. Research on plastic-eating microbes, which can naturally degrade plastics, is ongoing and offers promising results. These technologies could potentially reduce the amount of plastic that remains in the environment. 5. Experts predict that without significant global intervention, plastic pollution could triple by 2040, severely impacting ecosystems, food chains, and human health.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “pressing environmental challenges” by the writer, in paragraph 1, suggest about the plastic waste crisis? 1(A) The writer is emphasizing the urgency and severity of the plastic waste crisis. (B) The writer believes plastic waste is amanageable problem. (C) The writer thinks plastic waste is no longer a concern. (D) The writer is indifferent to the problem.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : Marine animals are significantly harmed by plastic pollution.

Reason : Plastic ingestion and entanglement cause death to over 100,000 marine animals annually. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the percentage of global plastic waste that is currently recycled, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two key impacts of plastic waste on marine environments? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1Countries like the U.S. and Europe have taken steps to improve recycling rates, but overall success remains limited. The percentage of plastic waste recycled globally is _____ (9% / 12% / 30%).

vi. What are some of the innovative methods mentioned in the passage that are being developed to reduce plastic waste? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1Plastic pollution has dramatically increased in the oceans, and by 2050, _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts emphasize that urgent action is needed to address plastic pollution because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is addressing plastic pollution critical for the future of ecosystems and human health? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) marks a pivotal moment in human history, promising to reshape industries, economies, and daily lives. From automating routine tasks to powering complex data analysis, AI’s capabilities are expanding at an unprecedented rate. This powerful technology, while offering immense potential for progress, also introduces new ethical considerations and societal challenges that warrant careful thought and management. 2. AI’s practical applications are already transforming numerous sectors. In healthcare, AI assists in diagnosing diseases earlier, developing personalized treatment plans, and accelerating drug discovery. Within the transportation industry, AI drives autonomous vehicles, aiming to reduce accidents and optimize traffic flow. Even in everyday life, AI powers recommendation systems for entertainment and enhances personal assistant tools, making tasks more efficient. 3. Beyond its current uses, AI holds tremendous promise for future innovation. Researchers are exploring how AI can tackle grand challenges, such as predicting climate change patterns with greater accuracy, designing new sustainable materials, and even aiding in space exploration. Its ability to process vast amounts of data and identify complex patterns far beyond human capacity positions it as a key driver for scientific breakthroughs. 4. However, the rise of AI also brings forth significant concerns. A primary worry is its potential impact on employment, as automation could displace jobs in various industries, necessitating new strategies for workforce retraining and adaptation. Furthermore, ethical dilemmas surrounding algorithmic bias, privacy invasion, and accountability for AI decisions require robust legal and moral frameworks to ensure fairness and prevent misuse. 5. Addressing the challenges posed by AI demands a collaborative approach involving governments, technologists, ethicists, and the public. Policymakers must develop regulations that balance innovation with safety and equity. Developers need to prioritize ethical design and transparency in AI systems. Public discourse and education are crucial to ensure that society understands AI’s capabilities and limitations, fostering informed decision-making. 6. Ultimately, navigating the AI revolution successfully hinges on our collective ability to guide its development responsibly. By proactively addressing potential pitfalls and harnessing its capabilities for the greater good, AI can indeed become a transformative force that enhances human potential and builds a more prosperous, efficient, and equitable world. It is a tool whose ultimate impact will be shaped by human wisdom and foresight.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. Page 2 Sample Paper 06 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

i. Why does the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) mark a ‘pivotal moment’ in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, AI’s capabilities are expanding at an unprecedented rate, doing all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) automating routine tasks (B) powering complex data analysis (C) removing the need for careful management (D) reshaping industries and economies

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1In healthcare, AI assists in ______ (diagnosing diseases/creating traffic jams) earlier. (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘grand challenges’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) AI is limited to solving small, insignificant problems. (B) AI is capable of tackling major and highly complex global issues. (C) AI can only address challenges that are easy to predict.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1healthcare : diagnosing diseases :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 2) (A) transportation: reducing accidents (B) entertainment: job displacement

vi. What are the significant concerns that arise with the increasing rise of AI, as mentioned in paragraph 4? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 3 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Public discourse on AI is unnecessary. (ii) AI has no role in scientific breakthroughs. (iii) Addressing AI challenges requires acollaborative approach. (iv) Only technologists should develop AI regulations. (v) AI can predict climate change patterns and design new materials. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 3 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) v iv (B) i iii (C) ii v(D) iv i

viii. How can AI become a transformative force that benefits humanity, as described in paragraph 6? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. In a recent study examining the relationship between biodiversity and agriculture, scientists observed that regions practicing traditional farming methods exhibited a richer diversity of both plant and animal species. These areas also demonstrated more resilience to environmental changes, such as droughts and pest invasions. 2. It was noted that around 70% of traditional farming practices across the globe are found in regions where communities have lived in harmony with nature for generations. These methods often involve crop rotation, agroforestry, and the use of natural fertilizers. NODIA APP Sample Paper 06 Solutions Page 3 3. On the other hand, only about 20% of modern, intensive farming regions reported similar levels of biodiversity, highlighting the negative impact of monocultures and chemical fertilizers on local ecosystems. However, around 10% of modern farms are beginning to adopt sustainable practices, attempting to restore balance to the environment. 4. Among the traditional farming communities, approximately 60% of the species diversity comes from multi-cropping systems, where farmers grow various crops on the same land. Another 30% stems from the preservation of native flora and fauna. The remaining 10% of biodiversity is attributed to organic farming techniques that avoid the use of synthetic chemicals. 5. Further research into how traditional knowledge can be integrated with modern farming techniques is essential. This will not only enhance biodiversity but also ensure food security and sustainable agricultural practices for future generations.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase ‘richer diversity’ by the writer, in paragraph 1, indicate about their observation? 1(A) The writer is emphasizing a problem. (B) The writer is highlighting a beneficial outcome. (C) The writer is questioning the results. (D) The writer is presenting a challenge.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below. 1

Assertion : Traditional farming methods help preserve biodiversity.

Reason : These methods rely on crop rotation and agroforestry. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the word in the passage that suggests the negative effects of modern farming methods on biodiversity. 1

iv. How do traditional farming practices contribute to environmental sustainability? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank. 1Lila’s village, a farming method that avoids synthetic chemicals is widely practiced. The percentage of traditional farming techniques this would fall under is _____ (60% / 30% / 10%).

vi. What does the higher percentage of biodiversity stemming from multi-cropping systems suggest about traditional farming methods? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1The widespread use of natural fertilizers in traditional farming techniques demonstrates _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason. 1The most likely reason the writer believes traditional knowledge should be integrated with modern farming techniques is because it can. _____.

ix. In the context of the last paragraph, describe the significance of integrating traditional knowledge with modern farming techniques in achieving sustainable agriculture. 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The increasing recognition of mental well-being as a crucial aspect of overall health is a positive development in modern society. For too long, mental health issues have been stigmatized, overlooked, or relegated to the periphery of public discourse. However, a shift is underway, emphasizing that a healthy mind is just as vital as a healthy body for an individual’s productivity, happiness, and ability to contribute meaningfully to society. 2. One of the primary reasons for this renewed focus on mental well-being is the growing understanding of its profound impact on various facets of life. Untreated mental health conditions can lead to reduced academic performance, diminished work productivity, strained relationships, and even physical health problems. For instance, chronic stress can weaken the immune system, and depression can exacerbate cardiovascular issues. Recognizing these interconnected effects underscores the necessity of addressing mental health proactively. 3. Furthermore, societal pressures and the fast pace of modern life contribute significantly to mental health challenges. Constant connectivity, the pressure of social media, economic uncertainties, and demanding work environments can all take a toll on an individual’s psychological state. Young people, in particular, face unique stressors related to academic performance, peer pressure, and identity formation in an increasingly complex world. 4. The good news is that mental well-being is not solely dependent on external circumstances; it can be actively cultivated and improved. Practices such as mindfulness, regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced diet, ensuring adequate sleep, and fostering strong social connections are all highly effective in promoting mental resilience. Seeking professional help when needed, through therapy or counseling, is also becoming more normalized and accessible. 5. Bridging the gap in mental health care requires a multi-pronged approach involving governments, healthcare providers, educational institutions, and individuals. Governments can invest in public awareness campaigns, increase funding for mental health services, and integrate mental health care into primary healthcare. Healthcare providers can ensure accessible and affordable treatment options. Educational institutions can implement mental health curricula and provide supportive environments. Individuals, too, must play a role by practicing self-care and seeking help without hesitation. 6. Ultimately, fostering mental well-being is acollective responsibility. By dismantling stigma, promoting open conversations, and ensuring comprehensive support systems, societies can create environments where everyone feels empowered to prioritize their mental health. This investment in collective well-being will lead to healthier, more productive, and more compassionate communities.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. Page 2 Sample Paper 07 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

i. Why is the increasing recognition of mental well-being described as a ‘positive development’ in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, the shift in focus on mental well-being has all of the following qualities EXCEPT being: 1(A) an emphasis on a healthy mind (B) a marginalization of public discourse (C) crucial for individual productivity (D) vital for overall health

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Untreated mental health conditions can lead to ______ (improved/diminished) work productivity. (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘take a toll’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) Societal pressures provide support and comfort to individuals. (B) Modern life circumstances have a significant positive impact on psychological health. (C) Various pressures cause harm or damage to an individual’s psychological state.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1chronic stress : weakened immune system :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 2) (A) balanced diet: mental resilience (B) depression: cardiovascular issues

vi. Why is recognizing the interconnected effects of mental health crucial for its proactive addressing? (Paragraph 2) 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) A multi-pronged approach is necessary to improve mental health care. (ii) Professional help for mental health is becoming less common. (iii) Self-care is less effective than external support for mental health. (iv) Governments alone are responsible for mental health funding. (v) Mental well-being can be actively improved through various practices. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How can educational institutions contribute to bridging the gap in mental health care, as mentioned in paragraph 5? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The Amazon Rainforest, often referred to as the “lungs of the Earth,” plays a vital role in regulating the global climate. It absorbs large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO 2) and produces approximately 20% of the world’s oxygen. This vast tropical forest spans nine countries in South America, with the majority located in Brazil. 2. The Amazon is home to an extraordinary diversity of life. It harbors around 10% of all NODIA APP Sample Paper 07 Solutions Page 3 known species, including plants, animals, and insects, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth. Its biodiversity makes it one of the most important ecosystems in the world. 3. Unfortunately, deforestation is a growing threat to the Amazon. Over the past few decades, large areas of the forest have been cleared for agriculture, mining, and logging. This destruction not only threatens wildlife but also contributes to increased CO 2 emissions, accelerating global warming. 4. Efforts to curb deforestation have been made by several countries and international organizations. Reforestation projects, stricter enforcement of environmental laws, and sustainable farming practices are some of the measures being taken to preserve the Amazon. However, illegal logging and land-grabbing continue to undermine these efforts. 5. Scientists warn that if deforestation continues at the current rate, the Amazon may reach a tipping point where it can no longer sustain itself. This would have catastrophic consequences, including the loss of biodiversity and the release of enormous amounts of CO 2 into the atmosphere, further exacerbating climate change

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the phrase “lungs of the Earth” in paragraph 1 suggest about the Amazon Rainforest? 1(A) It is the only source of oxygen for the planet. (B) It plays a key role in producing oxygen and regulating the climate. (C) It consumes most of the world’s CO 2.(D) It is crucial for agriculture.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below. 1

Assertion : The Amazon Rainforest is one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth.

Reason : It is home to around 10% of all known species. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the primary cause of deforestation mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. How do deforestation and global warming relate, according to the passage? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1The Amazon Rainforest is home to an extraordinary variety of life, including many species found nowhere else on Earth. The percentage of the Amazon’s biodiversity that is home to all known species is _____ (10% / 20% / 30%).

vi. What do reforestation projects aim to achieve, according to the passage? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1The Amazon’s biodiversity is important because _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Deforestation contributes to climate change because _____.

ix. Based on paragraph 5, describe the potential consequences of the Amazon reaching a tipping point. 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The growing digital divide, the gap between those who have access to modern information and communication technology and those who don’t, is a critical issue in today’s interconnected world. While technological advancements have brought immense benefits, they have also exacerbated existing inequalities, leaving a significant portion of the global population at a disadvantage. Bridging this divide is crucial for achieving equitable development, fostering economic growth, and ensuring social inclusion. 2. One of the primary reasons for the digital divide is economic disparity. Access to devices like computers and smartphones, and reliable internet connectivity, often comes with a significant cost, placing it out of reach for low-income households and developing nations. In many rural areas, even where devices might be available, the lack of necessary infrastructure, such as broadband internet, further widens the gap. This lack of access limits educational opportunities, hinders job prospects, and restricts participation in the digital economy. 3. Furthermore, a lack of digital literacy contributes significantly to the problem. Even if technology is physically available, individuals may not possess the skills to effectively use it. This can be due to insufficient educational programs, lack of training facilities, or cultural barriers that discourage technology adoption. The elderly, individuals with disabilities, and those in remote communities are particularly vulnerable to this form of exclusion, preventing them from accessing essential online services, information, and social networks. 4. The consequences of the digital divide are far-reaching. It perpetuates educational inequalities, as students without internet access struggle to complete online assignments or access digital learning resources. It limits economic opportunities, preventing small businesses from reaching wider markets and individuals from accessing remote work opportunities. Moreover, it can lead to social isolation, as more aspects of daily life, from banking to healthcare, move online. This exclusion can disenfranchise vulnerable populations and deepen societal divides. 5. Bridging the digital divide requires a multi-faceted approach involving governments, private sectors, and non-profit organizations. Governments can invest in infrastructure development, subsidize internet access for low-income families, and implement digital literacy programs. The private sector can develop affordable technology solutions and expand network coverage to underserved areas. Non-profits can focus on community-level training and providing access to public computing facilities. 6. Ultimately, addressing the digital divide is not merely about providing technology; it’s about empowering individuals and communities. By ensuring everyone has equal access to digital tools and skills, societies can unlock their full potential, foster innovation, and build a more inclusive and equitable future for all. It’s a collective responsibility to ensure that technology serves as a bridge, not a barrier, in human progress. Page 2 Sample Paper 08 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why is the growing digital divide described as a ‘critical issue’ in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, the digital divide has all of the following qualities EXCEPT being: 1(A) a gap in technology access (B) a promoter of equitable development (C) an issue in today’s interconnected world (D) a factor in exacerbating inequalities

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1The lack of necessary infrastructure like broadband internet in rural areas ______ (narrows/widens) the digital gap. (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘far-reaching’ suggests in paragraph 4. 1(A) The consequences of the digital divide are limited to a few specific areas. (B) The impacts of the digital divide extend broadly and affect many aspects of life. (C) The effects of the digital divide are confined to technological advancements.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1economic disparity : lack of access :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 3) (A) digital literacy: effective use (B) social isolation: increased opportunities

vi. Why is a lack of digital literacy considered a significant contributor to the digital divide, even if technology is available? (Paragraph 3) 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) The digital divide creates educational and economic barriers. (ii) Bridging the digital divide is solely the responsibility of governments. (iii) The digital divide leads to social exclusion. (iv) A multi-faceted approach involving various stakeholders is needed to bridge the divide. (v) Private sectors are the only ones who can develop affordable technology. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) ii v(B) i iv (C) iii ii (D) iv i

viii. How can the private sector contribute to bridging the digital divide, as mentioned in paragraph 5? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. Coral reefs, often called the “rainforests of the sea,” are some of the most diverse ecosystems on the planet. They support a vast range of marine life, providing shelter, food, and breeding grounds for numerous species. Coral reefs cover less than 1% of the ocean floor but are home to more than 25% of marine species. 2. Coral reefs are not only important for marine biodiversity but also for humans. They protect coastlines from erosion and storm surges, and they support fishing industries and tourism, providing jobs and income for millions of people worldwide. NODIA APP Sample Paper 08 Solutions Page 3 3. Unfortunately, coral reefs are under severe threat due to climate change, overfishing, and pollution. Coral bleaching, caused by rising ocean temperatures, weakens the reefs and makes them more vulnerable to disease and death. Studies estimate that if current trends continue, more than 90% of the world’s coral reefs could be lost by 2050. 4. Efforts are being made globally to protect and restore coral reefs. Marine protected areas, sustainable fishing practices, and coral farming are some of the methods being employed to preserve these ecosystems. However, without significant action to reduce carbon emissions and curb global warming, these efforts may not be enough. 5. Scientists emphasize the urgency of addressing climate change to save coral reefs. Protecting these ecosystems is not only essential for marine life but also for the millions of people who depend on them for their livelihood.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the phrase “rainforests of the sea” in paragraph 1 suggest about coral reefs? 1(A) They grow trees underwater. (B) They are as biodiverse as rainforests. (C) They occupy a large part of the ocean. (D) They protect the planet from global warming.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below. 1

Assertion : Coral reefs are vital for marine biodiversity.

Reason : Coral reefs protect coastlines from erosion. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the percentage of the ocean floor that coral reefs cover, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two major human-related benefits of coral reefs? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1The current global scenario, coral reefs are under threat from climate change, pollution, and overfishing. Scientists predict a significant loss of coral reefs in the coming decades. The percentage of coral reefs that could be lost by 2050 is _____ (60% / 90% / 75%).

vi. What are some of the methods mentioned in the passage that are being used to protect and restore coral reefs? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1Coral bleaching is caused by.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Scientists believe coral reefs are essential because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is reducing carbon emissions important for the survival of coral reefs? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The growing global emphasis on renewable energy sources represents a critical shift away from traditional fossil fuels. With increasing concerns about climate change and energy security, nations worldwide are investing heavily in technologies that harness natural processes. This transition towards cleaner energy is vital for mitigating environmental damage and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come. 2. One primary advantage of renewable energy, such as solar, wind, and hydro power, is its inexhaustible nature. Unlike coal, oil, or natural gas, which are finite resources, these energy sources are naturally replenished. Sunlight is constant, winds will continue to blow, and rivers will flow, ensuring a continuous supply of power without depletion. This makes them a reliable long-term solution for global energy demands. 3. Furthermore, the environmental benefits of renewables are substantial. They produce little to no greenhouse gas emissions during operation, significantly reducing air pollution and slowing the pace of global warming. Diminishing reliance on fossil fuels also means less risk of environmental disasters like oil spills and reduces the impact of mining operations. This cleaner production cycle contributes directly to improved public health and ecological balance. 4. Economic opportunities also emerge with the expansion of the renewable energy sector. It stimulates job creation in manufacturing, installation, maintenance, and research. Many countries are witnessing significant investments in green technologies, fostering innovation and creating new industries. Reduced dependence on volatile international fossil fuel markets can also lead to greater energy independence and price stability for nations. 5. Despite these compelling benefits, the transition to widespread renewable energy faces certain challenges. Initial setup costs for renewable infrastructure can be high, though prices are steadily decreasing. Intermittency, the variable nature of solar and wind power, requires advanced grid management systems and energy storage solutions. Additionally, public acceptance and land use for large-scale projects can sometimes present obstacles. 6. Ultimately, embracing renewable energy is more than an environmental choice; it’s a strategic imperative for global development. Overcoming the existing hurdles through sustained investment, technological advancements, and supportive policies will pave the way for aresilient and sustainable energy system. Our collective commitment to this shift is essential for safeguarding the planet and securing a prosperous future.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why does the growing global emphasis on renewable energy sources represent a ‘critical shift’ in paragraph 1? 1Page 2 Sample Paper 09 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

ii. According to paragraph 1, the transition towards cleaner energy is vital for all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) mitigating environmental damage (B) ensuring a sustainable future (C) increasing reliance on fossil fuels (D) harnessing natural processes

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Solar, wind, and hydro power are examples of energy sources that are ______ (finite/ inexhaustible). (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘Diminishing reliance’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) Increasing dependence on fossil fuels. (B) Reducing the need for fossil fuels. (C) Maintaining the same level of fossil fuel consumption.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1solar power : sunlight :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 2) (A) oil: depletion (B) wind power: flowing air

vi. What are the significant environmental benefits of renewable energy sources mentioned in paragraph 3? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Renewable energy creates new job opportunities. (ii) Renewable energy increases dependence on fossil fuels. (iii) The transition to renewables faces challenges like high setup costs. (iv) Intermittency is not a concern for renewable energy. (v) Only developed countries invest in green technologies. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How does embracing renewable energy become a strategic imperative for global development? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, providing essential services such as water filtration, flood control, and habitat for a wide variety of species. They act as natural sponges, absorbing excess rainfall and reducing the impact of floods on surrounding areas. 2. Wetlands also play a critical role in improving water quality by filtering pollutants and sediments from water before it enters rivers, lakes, or oceans. Many species of fish, birds, and insects rely on wetlands for food, shelter, and breeding grounds. 3. However, wetlands are disappearing at an alarming rate due to human activities such as agriculture, urbanization, and industrial development. Over the last century, nearly 50% of the world’s wetlands have been lost. 4. Conservation efforts are underway to protect and restore wetlands. These efforts include creating protected areas, enforcing stricter regulations, NODIA APP Sample Paper 09 Solutions Page 3 and promoting sustainable land use practices. Communities are also being educated about the importance of wetlands for their health, economy, and environment. 5. Scientists warn that continued loss of wetlands will not only lead to a decline in biodiversity but also increase the risk of floods, water pollution, and loss of livelihoods for millions of people who depend on these ecosystems.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the phrase “natural sponges” in paragraph 1 suggest about wetlands? 1(A) They produce water. (B) They absorb excess rainfall, reducing floods. (C) They are artificial environments. (D) They are used for agriculture.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below. 1

Assertion : Wetlands are important for water quality.

Reason : Wetlands absorb pollutants and sediments before water reaches rivers, lakes, or oceans. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the percentage of the world’s wetlands that have been lost, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two essential services provided by wetlands? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1Ravi’s town, a wetland area was restored to prevent flooding and improve water quality. The percentage of global wetlands lost over the last century that this restoration helps to reverse is _____ (50% / 20% / 70%).

vi. What are some of the methods mentioned in the passage that are being used to protect and restore wetlands? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1Wetlands help improve water quality by.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : Scientists believe wetland conservation is important because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is the continued loss of wetlands a serious concern? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The escalating global concern regarding plastic pollution has brought into sharp focus the unsustainable practices of modern consumerism. Billions of tons of plastic are produced annually, much of which is designed for single-use, leading to an overwhelming accumulation in landfills, oceans, and even remote natural environments. This pervasive environmental issue poses severe threats to ecosystems, wildlife, and human health, demanding urgent and concerted action from all stakeholders. 2. One of the primary problems with plastic is its persistence. Unlike organic materials, most plastics do not biodegrade but instead break down into microplastics, which can persist for hundreds or even thousands of years. These tiny particles infiltrate soil and water systems, are ingested by marine life and terrestrial animals, and have even been found in human bodies, raising concerns about their long-term health implications. The sheer volume and durability of plastic waste make its management a monumental challenge. 3. Furthermore, the production of plastic contributes significantly to climate change. The manufacturing process of virgin plastic relies heavily on fossil fuels, releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This energy-intensive process exacerbates global warming, adding another layer of environmental damage to the pollution crisis. A shift towards sustainable alternatives and circular economy principles is crucial to mitigate these dual impacts. 4. The consequences of plastic pollution are visible globally. Marine ecosystems are particularly vulnerable, with plastic debris directly harming marine animals through entanglement and ingestion. Seabirds, turtles, and marine mammals often mistake plastic fragments for food, leading to internal injuries, starvation, and death. Beyond wildlife, plastic pollution can contaminate food chains, affect soil fertility, and degrade natural landscapes, impacting tourism and local economies. 5. Addressing plastic pollution requires a multi-faceted strategy involving policy changes, corporate responsibility, and individual actions. Governments can implement bans on single-use plastics, incentivize sustainable packaging, and invest in robust recycling infrastructure. Corporations must redesign products for durability and recyclability, reduce unnecessary packaging, and explore biodegradable materials. Individuals play a vital role by reducing consumption, reusing items, and participating in recycling and clean-up initiatives. 6. Ultimately, tackling plastic pollution is not just an environmental imperative but a societal one. It necessitates a fundamental shift in how we produce, consume, and dispose of materials. By embracing innovative solutions, fostering a culture of mindful consumption, and collaborating across sectors, humanity can aspire to a future where plastic no longer threatens the delicate balance of our planet’s ecosystems and the well-being of future generations. This collective effort is paramount for a sustainable coexistence with nature. Page 2 Sample Paper 10 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why is the escalating global concern regarding plastic pollution mentioned in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, the pervasive environmental issue of plastic pollution poses all of the following threats EXCEPT: 1(A) severe threats to ecosystems (B) enhanced wildlife health (C) threats to human health (D) demand for urgent action

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Most plastics do not biodegrade but break down into ______ (microplastics/organic materials). (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘monumental challenge’ suggests in paragraph 2. 1(A) Plastic waste is easy to manage due to its small volume. (B) The management of plastic waste is an extremely difficult and large-scale task. (C) The durability of plastic makes it simple to handle.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1fossil fuels : greenhouse gases :: ______ :______ (Paragraph 3) (A) marine animals: entanglement (B) sustainable alternatives: climate change

vi. Why is the production of plastic considered a significant contributor to climate change? (Paragraph 3) 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Plastic pollution mainly affects only land animals. (ii) Addressing plastic pollution requires a multi-faceted strategy. (iii) Marine ecosystems are highly vulnerable to plastic. (iv) Governments are solely responsible for recycling infrastructure. (v) Individual actions are irrelevant in tackling pollution. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i v(B) iii ii (C) iv i(D) ii iv

viii. How can individuals play a vital role in addressing plastic pollution? (Paragraph 5) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. Forests are one of the most important ecosystems on Earth, covering approximately 31% of the world’s land area. They provide essential services such as carbon storage, oxygen production, and habitat for countless species. Forests also play a key role in regulating the water cycle and preventing soil erosion. 2. Forests support biodiversity by providing shelter and food for a wide variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Many indigenous communities also depend on forests for their livelihoods, NODIA APP Sample Paper 10 Solutions Page 3 utilizing forest resources for food, medicine, and building materials. 3. However, deforestation is happening at an alarming rate, driven by agricultural expansion, logging, and infrastructure development. Over the past 50 years, nearly 20% of the world’s forests have been lost. This not only threatens biodiversity but also contributes to global warming by reducing the number of trees available to absorb carbon dioxide. 4. Conservation efforts are underway to reduce deforestation and restore forested areas. These include reforestation projects, stricter logging regulations, and promoting sustainable farming practices. Educational programs are also being implemented to raise awareness about the importance of forests for the environment and human well-being. 5. Scientists warn that continued deforestation could result in severe environmental consequences, including the loss of biodiversity, increased carbon emissions, and disruption of the global climate.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the phrase “carbon storage” in paragraph 1 suggest about forests? 1(A) They produce carbon. (B) They absorb and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. (C) They release carbon into the atmosphere. (D) They contribute to global warming.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below. 1

Assertion : Forests are essential for maintaining biodiversity.

Reason : Forests provide shelter and food for a variety of species. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the percentage of the world’s land area covered by forests, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two major services provided by forests? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1Lila’s region, a forested area was replanted to help reduce carbon emissions and restore wildlife habitat. The percentage of the world’s land area currently covered by forests is _____ (20% / 31% / 50%).

vi. What are some of the methods mentioned in the passage that are being used to combat deforestation? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1Forests help regulate the water cycle by _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Scientists believe forest conservation is important because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is continued deforestation a serious concern? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The fascinating field of space exploration continues to captivate humanity, pushing the boundaries of scientific knowledge and technological innovation. From launching satellites for communication to sending probes to distant planets, our quest to understand the universe offers profound insights into our own origins and the potential for life beyond Earth. This ongoing endeavor inspires generations and yields practical benefits on our home planet. 2. One key motivation behind space exploration is pure scientific discovery. Missions to Mars and beyond collect data that helps scientists understand planetary formation, atmospheric conditions, and the potential for past or present microbial life. Telescopes like the Hubble and upcoming James Webb Space Telescope peer into the earliest moments of the universe, unraveling mysteries about galaxies, stars, and fundamental physics. Each mission adds a piece to the cosmic puzzle. 3. Moreover, space exploration drives remarkable technological advancements. The need to design spacecraft capable of surviving extreme conditions and operating autonomously has led to breakthroughs in materials science, robotics, computing, and miniaturization. Many technologies developed for space, from satellite navigation (GPS) to advanced weather forecasting, and even memory foam, have found widespread applications in everyday life, significantly improving quality of life on Earth. 4. Beyond the tangible benefits, space exploration serves as a powerful source of inspiration and international cooperation. The awe-inspiring images from distant worlds ignite curiosity in young minds, encouraging careers in STEM fields. Large-scale projects like the International Space Station (ISS) foster collaboration among diverse nations, transcending political differences and demonstrating shared human aspirations for discovery and peaceful coexistence. 5. However, space exploration also presents significant challenges. The immense financial cost of missions is a major consideration, often requiring substantial government funding. The inherent risks to human life during manned missions are always present, demanding meticulous planning and extensive safety measures. Furthermore, concerns about space debris accumulation and the environmental impact of rocket launches need careful management to ensure the long-term sustainability of space activities. 6. Ultimately, continuing space exploration is vital not just for scientific progress but for the spirit of human endeavor itself. By pushing beyond our terrestrial limits, we not only expand our understanding of the cosmos but also foster innovation, promote global collaboration, and inspire future generations to dream big. The journey into space is a journey into our collective human potential. Page 2 Sample Paper 11 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why does the field of space exploration continue to ‘captivate humanity’ in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, our quest to understand the universe offers all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) profound insights into our origins (B) potential for life beyond Earth (C) limitations on scientific knowledge (D) inspiration for generations

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Telescopes like the Hubble peer into the ______ (latest/earliest) moments of the universe. (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘widespread applications’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) Technologies developed for space are only used in very specific, limited areas on Earth. (B) Technologies developed for space have found use in many different areas of everyday life. (C) Technologies developed for space have no practical use outside of space missions.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1Mars : planetary formation :: ______ :______ (Paragraph 2) (A) International Space Station: political differences (B) GPS: satellite navigation

vi. What role does space exploration play in promoting international cooperation, as mentioned in paragraph 4? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Space exploration is a source of inspiration for STEM careers. (ii) Space exploration only benefits scientists. (iii) Space exploration faces challenges like high financial costs. (iv) Space debris is not a concern for future missions. (v) Manned missions carry no risks. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. Why is continuing space exploration vital for the spirit of human endeavor, according to paragraph 6? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The rise of e-commerce has transformed the global retail landscape. In 2023, global e-commerce sales reached $5.9 trillion, accounting for 20% of total retail sales. This is a significant increase from 2015, when e-commerce accounted for just 7.4% of retail sales. 2. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated this shift, with online shopping becoming a preferred method for many consumers. By 2021, more than 2.1 billion people worldwide made online purchases, representing over a quarter of the global population. Convenience, a wide range of NODIA APP Sample Paper 11 Solutions Page 3 options, and competitive pricing are major factors driving this growth. 3. Despite its advantages, e-commerce faces challenges. Issues like cybersecurity threats, data privacy concerns, and environmental impacts from packaging and delivery services have raised questions about its sustainability. Additionally, the rapid growth of e-commerce has increased competition among retailers, with small businesses struggling to keep up. 4. Governments and businesses are working to address these issues. Many countries have implemented stricter regulations on data privacy and introduced initiatives to promote sustainable packaging and carbon-neutral delivery methods. E-commerce companies are investing in technologies like artificial intelligence and automation to enhance customer experiences and reduce environmental impacts. 5. Experts predict that by 2030, e-commerce will account for 30% of total retail sales, further transforming the retail industry and reshaping consumer behavior.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “transformed the global retail landscape” by the writer, in paragraph 1, tell us about the impact of e-commerce? 1(A) The writer is highlighting how e-commerce has drastically changed the retail industry. (B) The writer believes e-commerce has had little impact on retail. (C) The writer thinks e-commerce is not significant for retail. (D) The writer is indifferent to e-commerce’s impact on retail.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : E-commerce grew rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Reason : The pandemic made online shopping a preferred method for many consumers due to convenience and safety concerns. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the percentage of global retail sales accounted for by e-commerce in 2023, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two major challenges faced by the e-commerce industry? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1The percentage of global e-commerce sales has risen sharply since 2015, driven by convenience, competitive pricing, and a wide range of options. In 2023, e-commerce accounted for _____ (15% / 20% / 30%) of total retail sales.

vi. What are some of the strategies mentioned in the passage that businesses and governments are using to address e-commerce challenges? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1E-commerce companies are investing in new technologies such as _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts predict that e-commerce will account for 30% of total retail sales by 2030 because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is the growth of e-commerce expected to further transform the retail industry? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The escalating issue of water scarcity poses a significant threat to global stability and sustainable development. Despite covering over 70% of the Earth’s surface, only a tiny fraction of this water is fresh and readily available for human consumption. Factors like population growth, climate change, and pollution are intensifying the strain on this vital resource, making its efficient management an urgent global priority. 2. Our planet’s freshwater resources are increasingly under pressure. Rapid population increases mean more demand for drinking, sanitation, agriculture, and industrial use. Changes in global weather patterns, leading to prolonged droughts in some regions and unpredictable rainfall in others, directly impact the availability of clean water. Furthermore, pollution from industrial waste and untreated sewage contaminates existing supplies, rendering them unusable. 3. The consequences of water scarcity are far-reaching, impacting various aspects of life. Food security is directly threatened, as agriculture consumes the largest share of freshwater. Lack of clean water leads to widespread health issues, increasing the incidence of waterborne diseases. Economic development can be hampered, as industries require water for production, and energy generation often depends on water resources. This creates a cycle of hardship in affected communities. 4. Addressing water scarcity demands a multi-pronged approach involving technological innovation, policy changes, and behavioral shifts. Advanced desalination techniques can convert saltwater into fresh water, while improved water recycling and wastewater treatment systems can make existing supplies reusable. Efficient irrigation methods, such as drip irrigation, can drastically reduce agricultural water consumption. These technological solutions are gaining traction globally. 5. Governments and international organizations play a crucial role in implementing effective water management policies. This includes regulating water usage, investing in infrastructure for water conservation and distribution, and promoting international cooperation for shared water resources. Local communities are vital in managing their local water bodies, promoting traditional conservation methods, and raising awareness about responsible water consumption. 6. Ultimately, securing access to clean water for all is not merely an environmental goal but a fundamental human right and a cornerstone of peace. By combining innovative technologies with smart policies and individual responsibility, humanity can work towards a future where water is sustainably managed and equitably distributed. Collective action and a conscious approach are paramount to overcoming this critical global challenge.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. Page 2 Sample Paper 12 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

i. Why does the escalating issue of water scarcity pose a ‘significant threat’ in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, factors intensifying the strain on water resources include all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) population growth (B) climate change (C) pollution (D) efficient management

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Agriculture consumes the ______ (largest/ smallest) share of freshwater. (Paragraph 3)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘rendering them unusable’ suggests in paragraph 2. 1(A) Water supplies become suitable for consumption. (B) Water supplies become able to be used again. (C) Water supplies become impossible to use.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1desalination : saltwater :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 4) (A) drip irrigation: water conservation (B) industrial waste: clean water

vi. What are the various consequences of water scarcity that impact different aspects of life, as highlighted in paragraph 3? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Water recycling is not an effective solution. (ii) Technological innovation can help address water scarcity. (iii) Local communities have no role in water conservation. (iv) Governments and international organizations are crucial for water management policies. (v) Traditional conservation methods are outdated. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How is securing access to clean water for all a fundamental human right and a cornerstone of peace? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. India’s agricultural sector plays a crucial role in the country’s economy, employing nearly 42% of the workforce and contributing around 17% to the national GDP in 2022. Despite this, the sector faces numerous challenges, including water scarcity, inefficient farming practices, and dependency on monsoon rains, which account for nearly 70% of India’s annual rainfall. In 2021, nearly 70% of India’s farmers were small and marginal, holding less than 2 hectares of land. 2. Climate change has exacerbated the unpredictability of monsoon patterns, leading to more frequent droughts and floods. In 2020, floods caused losses of over $10 billion to Indian agriculture, while droughts in some regions led to a 30% reduction in crop yields. Such fluctuations severely impact the livelihood of farmers, who rely heavily on consistent weather patterns for successful harvests. 3. The government has implemented several initiatives to support farmers. The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) provides crop insurance for over 58 million farmers, covering them against losses due to natural NODIA APP Sample Paper 12 Solutions Page 3 disasters. Another major initiative, the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY), has brought 21 million hectares of farmland under improved irrigation systems, helping reduce the dependence on monsoons. 4. Despite these programs, small and marginal farmers—who make up 86% of the farming community—continue to face issues such as limited access to technology, credit, and modern farming practices. In 2021, only 30% of small-scale farmers had access to institutional credit, limiting their ability to invest in advanced agricultural methods and technologies. 5. Experts emphasize that further investments in technology, infrastructure, and training are essential to boost productivity and ensure sustainable farming practices, which will be crucial for the long-term stability of India’s agricultural sector.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “crucial role” by the writer, in paragraph 1, suggest about the significance of India’s agricultural sector? 1(A) The writer believes agriculture is a minor part of the economy. (B) The writer is emphasizing the essential importance of agriculture to India’s economy. (C) The writer is indifferent to the role of agriculture. (D) The writer believes agriculture plays no significant role in the economy.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : Climate change has worsened agricultural challenges in India.

Reason : Unpredictable monsoon patterns have led to frequent droughts and floods, affecting crop yields. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the percentage of small and marginal farmers in India, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two major government initiatives aimed at supporting Indian farmers? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1Small and marginal farmers in India face numerous challenges, including limited access to credit and technology, which hampers their ability to adopt modern farming practices. The percentage of Indian farmers who are small and marginal is _____ (70% / 86% / 58%).

vi. What are some of the strategies mentioned in the passage that the government is using to address agricultural challenges? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1Floods in 2020 caused over $10 billion in losses to Indian agriculture, while droughts led to _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts stress the need for more investment in technology and infrastructure because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is investing in modern technology and training critical for the long-term stability of India’s agricultural sector? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The growing appeal of mindful living is gaining traction across the globe, offering a refreshing contrast to the fast-paced, often overwhelming demands of modern life. This practice encourages individuals to pay deliberate attention to the present moment, observing their thoughts, feelings, and surroundings without judgment. It represents a conscious choice to cultivate inner peace and a deeper connection with one’s experiences, leading to improved well-being. 2. Central to mindfulness is the concept of non-judgmental awareness. Rather than getting caught up in worries about the past or anxieties about the future, mindful living teaches one to simply observe what is happening right now. This includes noticing sensations, emotions, and external stimuli without labeling them as ‘good’ or ‘bad.’ Such a practice helps individuals to react more thoughtfully rather than impulsively. 3. Furthermore, regular mindfulness practice offers a wealth of mental and physical health benefits. Studies indicate it can significantly reduce stress and anxiety levels by calming the nervous system. It often leads to improved focus and concentration, making daily tasks more manageable and productive. For many, it also enhances sleep quality and contributes to better emotional regulation, fostering a more positive outlook on life. 4. Integrating mindfulness into daily routines doesn’t require drastic changes; even small practices can be impactful. Simple exercises like mindful breathing, where one focuses on the sensation of breath, or taking a few minutes to mindfully eat a meal, can be highly effective. Engaging in mindful walking, noticing each step and sensory detail, helps bring awareness to mundane activities, transforming them into opportunities for presence. 5. Cultivating a mindful approach to life can greatly enhance personal relationships. By being fully present during conversations, individuals can listen more attentively and communicate more effectively, fostering deeper connections. Mindfulness reduces reactivity, allowing for more compassionate responses during conflicts and promoting understanding. It encourages patience and a greater appreciation for others. 6. Ultimately, embracing mindful living provides a powerful antidote to the distractions and pressures of contemporary society. It empowers individuals to regain control over their internal experiences, fostering resilience and a profound sense of calm. This deliberate way of being not only enriches personal lives but also contributes to a more compassionate and understanding collective human experience, building a foundation for greater well-being.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why is the growing appeal of mindful living gaining ‘traction’ across the globe in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, mindful living encourages individuals to do all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) pay deliberate attention to the present Page 2 Sample Paper 13 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL (B) observe thoughts and feelings without judgment (C) cultivate inner peace (D) react impulsively to situations

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Mindful living teaches one to observe what is happening ______ (right now/in the future). (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘wealth of mental and physical health benefits’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) Mindfulness provides very few health advantages. (B) Mindfulness offers a wide variety of positive impacts on both mind and body. (C) Mindfulness primarily focuses on financial gains.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1mindful breathing : sensation of breath :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 4) (A) mindful eating: food preparation (B) mindful walking: each step and sensory detail

vi. What are the various mental and physical health benefits that regular mindfulness practice offers, as mentioned in paragraph 3? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Small mindfulness practices can be impactful. (ii) Mindful living has no effect on personal relationships. (iii) Being fully present enhances communication. (iv) Integrating mindfulness requires drastic changes. (v) Mindfulness increases reactivity during conflicts. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) ii iv (B) v i(C) iii v(D) i iii

viii. How does embracing mindful living provide apowerful antidote to the distractions and pressures of contemporary society? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. India’s healthcare sector has been growing rapidly, with an estimated market value of 27.5 lakh crore in 2022, up from 11.8 lakh crore in 2017. This growth is driven by factors such as rising income levels, expanding middle-class populations, and increased access to healthcare services. However, India’s healthcare system faces several challenges, including limited access to rural healthcare, high out-of-pocket expenses, and a shortage of healthcare professionals. 2. In rural areas, where nearly 65% of India’s population resides, access to quality healthcare remains a significant issue. The doctor-to-patient ratio in rural India is as low as 1 :10,000, compared to 1 :1,500 in urban areas. Additionally, over 62% of healthcare expenses are paid out of pocket by individuals, placing a substantial financial burden on households. 3. To address these issues, the Indian government has launched initiatives such as Ayushman Bharat, which aims to provide health insurance NODIA APP Sample Paper 13 Solutions Page 3 to over 50 crore individuals, covering up to 5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care. The Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY), part of the Ayushman Bharat scheme, is one of the largest healthcare schemes in the world. 4. Despite these efforts, the shortage of healthcare workers continues to be a major problem. As of 2022, India had only 1 doctor for every 1,445 people, below the World Health Organization’s recommended ratio of 1 :1,000. The government has been investing in the expansion of medical education to produce more healthcare professionals and bridge this gap. 5. Experts believe that with continued investments in healthcare infrastructure, technology, and workforce development, India’s healthcare sector could reach a market value of 40 lakh crore by 2030, providing better access to quality care for all citizens.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “growing rapidly” by the writer, in paragraph 1, suggest about India’s healthcare sector? 1(A) The writer believes the healthcare sector is stagnant. (B) The writer is emphasizing the fast expansion of the healthcare sector. (C) The writer is indifferent to the growth of the healthcare sector. (D) The writer believes the healthcare sector is shrinking.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : India’s rural population faces significant healthcare challenges.

Reason : Rural areas in India have a much lower doctor-to-patient ratio compared to urban areas. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the percentage of healthcare expenses paid out of pocket by individuals in India, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two major government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare access in India? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1The Ayushman Bharat scheme aims to provide health insurance coverage for millions of Indian citizens, reducing their out-of-pocket healthcare expenses. Ayushman Bharat covers up to (1 lakh / 3 lakh / 5 lakh) per family per year for secondary and tertiary care.

vi. What are some of the strategies mentioned in the passage that the Indian government is using to address healthcare challenges? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1The shortage of healthcare workers remains acritical issue in India, with only _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts believe that continued investment in healthcare infrastructure is necessary because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is investing in healthcare workforce development crucial for the future of India’s healthcare system? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The transformative power of storytelling has captivated human societies for millennia, serving as a fundamental means of transmitting knowledge, preserving culture, and fostering connections. From ancient oral traditions to modern digital narratives, stories offer more than mere entertainment; they provide insights into the human condition, shape our understanding of the world, and inspire action. This enduring art form remains vital in shaping individual and collective identities. 2. A key function of storytelling lies in its ability to educate and transmit wisdom across generations. Through narratives, complex historical events become relatable, moral lessons are subtly conveyed, and cultural values are reinforced. Children learn about right and wrong, courage and compassion, by listening to tales. Traditional myths and legends, for example, often explain natural phenomena or societal norms, making abstract concepts accessible and memorable. 3. Furthermore, stories are incredibly powerful tools for building empathy and fostering connection. When we engage with a character’s journey, we begin to understand their struggles, triumphs, and perspectives, even if vastly different from our own. This shared emotional experience creates a bond between the storyteller and the audience, and even among audience members themselves. It bridges divides and enhances our capacity for understanding and compassion towards others. 4. The persuasive nature of narratives is also highly significant. Unlike dry facts or statistics, a well-told story can evoke strong emotions and make information resonate on a deeper level. This makes storytelling an effective method for communication in various fields, from marketing and advocacy to education and leadership. People are often more likely to remember and be moved by a compelling narrative than by a list of points. 5. Storytelling also plays a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage and individual memories. Indigenous communities pass down their history, beliefs, and practices through oral traditions, ensuring their legacy endures. On a personal level, sharing family stories helps to reinforce identity and maintain connections across generations, creating a rich tapestry of shared experiences that defines who we are. 6. Ultimately, the timeless art of storytelling is more than just communication; it’s an intrinsic part of what makes us human. By continuing to tell and listen to stories, we not only entertain ourselves but also learn, grow, and connect in profound ways. It allows us to make sense of our complex world, share our unique experiences, and collectively shape a richer, more understanding future. Its magic lies in its universal appeal.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why has the transformative power of storytelling ‘captivated human societies for millennia’ in paragraph 1? 1Page 2 Sample Paper 14 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

ii. According to paragraph 1, stories offer more than mere entertainment, providing all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) insights into the human condition (B) shaping our understanding of the world (C) inspiration for action (D) confusion about the world

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Traditional myths and legends often explain ______ (natural phenomena/scientific formulas). (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘bridge divides’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) Stories help to connect people who are different or in disagreement. (B) Stories create more separation between people. (C) Stories have no impact on human relationships.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1moral lessons : tales :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 2) (A) dry facts: statistics (B) shared emotional experience: connection

vi. What is the key function of storytelling in educating and transmitting wisdom across generations, as described in paragraph 2? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Storytelling is an effective method for communication and persuasion. (ii) Facts are always more memorable than stories. (iii) Storytelling helps preserve cultural heritage. (iv) Individual memories are unimportant to storytelling. (v) Oral traditions are no longer relevant. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How does the timeless art of storytelling contribute to making sense of our complex world and shaping a richer future? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The Indian education system has seen significant changes over the last decade. In 2021, the literacy rate in India reached 77.7%, compared to 74% in 2011. Government initiatives such as Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and the Right to Education Act (RTE) have played a role in improving access to education. However, in rural regions, only 64% of students complete secondary education, compared to 79% in urban areas. 2. In 2020, the government introduced the National Education Policy (NEP) to reform the Indian education system, focusing on critical thinking, digital literacy, and flexible learning pathways. The NEP aims to increase the gross enrollment ratio (GER) in higher education to 50% by 2035, up from the current 27%. As of 2021, only 11% of rural students had access to higher education compared to 51% of their urban counterparts. 3. The COVID-19 pandemic caused major disruptions in the education sector, leading to NODIA APP Sample Paper 14 Solutions Page 3 a shift toward online learning. By mid-2021, over 250 million students across India were learning remotely. However, the digital divide is a significant barrier, as 29% of rural households lack access to the internet, compared to just 4% in urban areas. 4. The government is working to bridge this gap by increasing investments in digital infrastructure through initiatives like PM eVIDYA. This initiative aims to provide multi-modal access to education through TV channels, online courses, and mobile apps, targeting over 100 million students by 2025. 5. Experts believe that with continued investments in digital education and reforms under the NEP, India’s education sector can achieve substantial growth in the coming years, equipping students with the skills needed for a rapidly evolving job market.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “significant changes” by the writer, in paragraph 1, suggest about the Indian education system? 1(A) The writer believes the education system has remained stagnant. (B) The writer is emphasizing the major reforms and improvements in the education system. (C) The writer is indifferent to the changes in the education system. (D) The writer believes there have been no meaningful improvements.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : The digital divide has made online learning inaccessible for many students in rural areas.

Reason : A large percentage of rural households lack access to the internet. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the percentage of rural households that lack access to the internet, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two key initiatives introduced by the Indian government to improve access to education? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1The National Education Policy (NEP) aims to reform the Indian education system and increase the gross enrollment ratio in higher education. The NEP targets a gross enrollment ratio of _____ (27% / 50% / 64%) by 2035.

vi. What are some of the strategies mentioned in the passage that the government is using to address the digital divide? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1The digital divide in India is reflected by the fact that rural areas have, compared to only 4% in urban areas _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts believe that continued investment in digital education is essential because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is investing in digital infrastructure critical for the future of India’s education system? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The escalating issue of noise pollution in urban environments is gaining increasing recognition as a significant public health concern. Defined as unwanted or excessive sound that can disrupt human or animal life, this pervasive problem goes far beyond mere annoyance. It represents a silent threat that impacts well-being, productivity, and the delicate balance of ecosystems within our cities. Addressing it requires concerted effort. 2. Major contributors to urban noise pollution are numerous and diverse. Traffic, including cars, buses, and trains, stands as a primary culprit, generating constant background hum and sudden loud bursts. Construction activities, with their heavy machinery and drilling, add intense intermittent noise. Industrial operations, crowded public spaces, and even loud entertainment venues contribute significantly, creating a cacophony that rarely subsides. 3. The adverse effects of continuous noise exposure are considerable for human health. Chronic exposure can lead to increased stress levels, sleep disturbances, and a rise in blood pressure, contributing to cardiovascular problems. Children exposed to high noise levels often experience difficulties with learning, concentration, and speech development. It can also cause tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and, in severe cases, hearing loss, diminishing overall quality of life. 4. Beyond human impact, noise pollution also poses threats to wildlife within urban and suburban areas. Birds, for instance, may struggle to communicate effectively, affecting their mating calls and nesting behaviors. Animals can become disoriented, changing their migration patterns or feeding habits, which disrupts ecological balance. Excessive noise can also mask important environmental cues, making them vulnerable to predators or accidents. 5. Mitigating urban noise pollution requires a multi-faceted approach involving urban planning, technological solutions, and public awareness. City planners can design quieter roads, implement noise barriers, and create more green spaces that absorb sound. Vehicle manufacturers can develop quieter engines. Regulations on construction hours and industrial noise limits are essential. Public campaigns can encourage quieter behaviors, like using public transport or reducing honking. 6. Ultimately, creating quieter urban environments is crucial for fostering healthier and more livable cities. It enhances the well-being of residents, protects urban wildlife, and improves overall environmental quality. By prioritizing noise reduction through thoughtful design, technological advancements, and community participation, we can transform bustling metropolises into serene spaces where the sounds of life can be enjoyed without harm.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why is the escalating issue of noise pollution in urban environments gaining ‘increasing recognition’ in paragraph 1? 1Page 2 Sample Paper 15 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

ii. According to paragraph 1, noise pollution impacts all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) human well-being (B) animal life (C) increased productivity (D) ecosystem balance

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Traffic, including cars and buses, is a primary ______ (cause/solution) of urban noise pollution. (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘cacophony that rarely subsides’ suggests in paragraph 2. 1(A) Urban areas are mostly very quiet and peaceful. (B) There is a loud and harsh mixture of sounds that almost never stops in cities. (C) City sounds are generally melodious and pleasant.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1stress levels : chronic exposure :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 3) (A) green spaces: sound absorption (B) clean air: pollution

vi. What are the adverse effects of continuous noise exposure on human health, as highlighted in paragraph 3? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Mitigating noise pollution requires a multi-faceted approach. (ii) Noise has no impact on urban animals. (iii) Public awareness campaigns are ineffective for noise reduction. (iv) City planners should not design quieter roads. (v) Noise pollution affects wildlife behavior and communication. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How does creating quieter urban environments contribute to more livable cities? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The Indian tourism industry has been a major contributor to the country’s economy, generating 16.91 lakh crore, or 9.2% of India’s GDP, in 2022. The sector also supported nearly 39 million jobs, which represents 8% of the country’s total employment. However, the COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted tourism, with international tourist arrivals decreasing by 75% in 2020 and 2021. 2. Domestic tourism, which accounts for about 88% of the total tourism in India, has shown signs of recovery. In 2022, domestic tourists took nearly 1.5 billion trips, up from 1.2 billion trips in 2021. Popular destinations include states like Kerala, Rajasthan, and Uttarakhand, known for their rich cultural heritage and natural beauty. 3. The government has launched several initiatives to boost tourism. The Dekho Apna Desh campaign encourages domestic travel, while schemes like Swadesh Darshan and PRASHAD aim to develop tourism infrastructure and promote heritage and spiritual sites. NODIA APP Sample Paper 15 Solutions Page 3 4. Medical and wellness tourism is another growing segment. India attracted 1.4 million medical tourists in 2022, drawn by the country’s affordable healthcare services. Ayurveda and yoga retreats have also seen a surge in popularity among wellness tourists. 5. Experts predict that with continued government support and rising domestic demand, the Indian tourism sector could return to pre-pandemic levels by 2025, contributing even more to the economy and creating millions of jobs.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “major contributor” by the writer, in paragraph 1, suggest about the Indian tourism industry? 1(A) The writer believes tourism has no impact on the economy. (B) The writer is highlighting the importance of tourism to India’s economy. (C) The writer is indifferent to the role of tourism. (D) The writer thinks tourism has only a minor role in the economy.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : Domestic tourism has recovered more quickly than international tourism in India.

Reason : The majority of Indian tourism is driven by domestic travelers. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the percentage decrease in international tourist arrivals in India due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two major government initiatives aimed at boosting tourism in India? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1The Indian tourism industry contributed significantly to the economy in 2022, generating 16.91 lakh crore and supporting millions of jobs. Tourism contributed ____ (7% / 8% / 9.2%) of India’s GDP in 2022.

vi. What are some of the strategies mentioned in the passage that the Indian government is using to revive the tourism industry? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1Medical and wellness tourism in India has grown due to _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts believe that the Indian tourism sector could return to pre-pandemic levels by 2025 because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is continued government support important for the future of India’s tourism industry? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The invaluable role of local libraries in fostering community learning and cultural enrichment continues to evolve in the digital age. Far from being mere repositories of books, these public institutions serve as dynamic hubs, offering diverse resources, technological access, and supportive environments for individuals of all ages. They are critical pillars that strengthen social bonds and promote lifelong education within neighborhoods. 2. One significant contribution of libraries is providing equitable access to information. While internet access is widespread, not everyone has reliable home connectivity or the skills to navigate vast online resources. Libraries bridge this digital divide by offering free internet, computers, and digital literacy training. They ensure that knowledge remains accessible to all, regardless of socioeconomic status, empowering individuals with essential skills for the modern world. 3. Furthermore, libraries act as vital centers for community engagement and social interaction. They host a wide array of programs, from children’s story times and teen workshops to adult literary clubs and job search assistance. These events bring people together, foster intergenerational connections, and create spaces for shared learning and dialogue. Libraries often become a safe, neutral ground where diverse community members can connect. 4. Beyond traditional books, modern libraries boast an impressive array of resources. Patrons can borrow e-books, audiobooks, magazines, and even educational software. Many libraries offer access to specialized databases, research tools, and online courses that might otherwise be expensive or inaccessible. They are increasingly providing innovative services like tool lending libraries, 3D printers, and recording studios, catering to a wide range of interests and needs. 5. Libraries also play a crucial role in promoting literacy and a love for reading from an early age. They run summer reading programs, provide early childhood literacy initiatives, and host author visits that inspire young readers. By offering a welcoming environment filled with diverse stories, libraries cultivate a lifelong habit of reading, which is fundamental for academic success and personal development. 6. Ultimately, the ongoing relevance of local libraries is undeniable in our rapidly changing world. They serve as essential community anchors, continuously adapting to meet the evolving needs of their patrons. By offering free access to information, technology, and cultural programming, libraries empower individuals, strengthen communities, and uphold the democratic ideal of universal access to knowledge. Their future role promises to be even more significant.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why is the role of local libraries in fostering community learning and cultural enrichment described as ‘invaluable’ in paragraph 1? 1Page 2 Sample Paper 16 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

ii. According to paragraph 1, local libraries serve as dynamic hubs, offering all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) diverse resources (B) technological access (C) exclusive environments (D) supportive environments

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Libraries bridge the ______ (social/digital) divide by offering free internet and computers. (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘intergenerational connections’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) Relationships formed only among people of the same age group. (B) Bonds created between people from different age groups. (C) Connections that are limited to family members only.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1books : repositories :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 1) (A) e-books: digital access (B) children’s story times: job search assistance

vi. What are the various ways modern libraries offer an impressive array of resources beyond traditional books, as mentioned in paragraph 4?2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 3 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Libraries are vital centers for community engagement. (ii) Libraries only focus on adult programs. (iii) Libraries promote literacy and a love for reading from an early age. (iv) Libraries do not offer early childhood literacy initiatives. (v) Libraries are irrelevant for academic success. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 3 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How do local libraries empower individuals and strengthen communities in our rapidly changing world? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. Deforestation is responsible for the loss of approximately 10 million hectares of forest each year, contributing to biodiversity loss, climate change, and soil degradation. Forests cover about 31% of the Earth’s land area, but deforestation has reduced this by nearly 20% over the past century. 2. Forests play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide. It is estimated that forests absorb 2.4 billion metric tons of CO 2 annually, helping to mitigate climate change. However, when forests are cleared or burned, they release stored carbon back into the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect. 3. Agriculture is the primary driver of deforestation, accounting for around 80% of global deforestation. This is due to the expansion of farmland for crops such as soy, palm oil, and cattle ranching. Urbanization and logging also contribute significantly to forest loss. NODIA APP Sample Paper 16 Solutions Page 3 4. Efforts to combat deforestation include reforestation programs, the creation of protected areas, and the promotion of sustainable agriculture practices. Some countries have successfully reduced deforestation rates by up to 50% through stricter regulations and reforestation initiatives. 5. Scientists warn that if deforestation continues at its current rate, it could lead to the loss of critical ecosystems and increase global temperatures by as much as 2°C by 2100.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “responsible for the loss” by the writer, in paragraph 1, tell us about deforestation? 1(A) The writer believes deforestation has no significant impact. (B) The writer is emphasizing that deforestation is causing significant damage. (C) The writer thinks deforestation is a natural process. (D) The writer is showing indifference to deforestation.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : Forests help mitigate climate change.

Reason : Forests absorb 2.4 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide annually. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the percentage of the Earth’s land area that is currently covered by forests, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two main causes of deforestation? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1Efforts to combat deforestation have shown some success in reducing forest loss in various countries. The percentage of deforestation caused by agriculture globally is _____ (50% / 70% / 80%).

vi. What are some of the methods mentioned in the passage that are being used to combat deforestation? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1Deforestation contributes to climate change by _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Scientists emphasize the importance of stopping deforestation because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is addressing deforestation critical for preventing future environmental damage? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The enduring appeal of hobbies in modern life offers individuals a vital avenue for personal growth, stress reduction, and skill development. Far from being mere pastimes, engaging in activities purely for enjoyment outside of work or study provides significant benefits for mental well-being and overall life satisfaction. Pursuing a hobby allows for creative expression and a much-needed break from daily routines. 2. Many find that hobbies provide a powerful antidote to stress. Immersing oneself in an enjoyable activity, whether it’s painting, gardening, playing an instrument, or hiking, can divert attention from worries and anxieties. This focused engagement often induces a state of “flow,” where time seems to disappear and the mind achieves a sense of calm and contentment. It offers a healthy way to unwind and recharge. 3. Furthermore, hobbies are excellent vehicles for developing new skills and discovering hidden talents. Learning to play a musical instrument hones dexterity and discipline. Photography improves observational skills and an understanding of composition. Cooking enhances creativity and practical knowledge. These acquired skills can boost self-confidence and may even open doors to new career paths or social opportunities, enriching one’s life significantly. 4. Engaging in hobbies frequently leads to expanded social circles and stronger community ties. Many activities, such as joining a book club, a sports team, or a craft group, provide opportunities to meet like-minded individuals. Sharing a common interest creates a natural basis for friendship and collaboration, combating feelings of isolation and fostering a sense of belonging. These connections often extend beyond the hobby itself. 5. Hobbies also play a crucial role in fostering creativity and intellectual stimulation. They encourage innovative thinking as individuals experiment with new techniques, solve challenges inherent to their chosen activity, or express unique ideas. This mental exercise keeps the brain active and agile, promoting cognitive health throughout life. It’s a space where experimentation is encouraged and mistakes are part of the learning process. 6. Ultimately, embracing a hobby is an investment in one’s personal happiness and overall well-being. It provides balance in life, allowing individuals to explore passions, challenge themselves, and connect with others outside of their professional or academic demands. Such dedicated pursuits not only bring joy and fulfillment but also contribute to a richer, more resilient, and more balanced individual life. The value of true leisure should not be overlooked.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why does the enduring appeal of hobbies offer individuals a ‘vital avenue’ in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, engaging in hobbies provides all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) personal growth (B) increased stress levels Page 2 Sample Paper 17 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL (C) skill development (D) a break from daily routines

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Immersing oneself in an enjoyable activity can divert attention from ______ (worries/ achievements). (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘hidden talents’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) Skills that are already well-known to everyone. (B) Abilities that one possesses but has not yet discovered or fully developed. (C) Talents that are specifically related to academic subjects only.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1painting : creative expression :: ______ :______ (Paragraph 1) (A) gardening: stress reduction (B) reading: digital distraction

vi. What are the various ways hobbies serve as excellent vehicles for developing new skills and discovering hidden talents, as explained in paragraph 3? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Hobbies lead to expanded social circles. (ii) Hobbies only promote isolation. (iii) Hobbies foster creativity and intellectual stimulation. (iv) Experimentation is discouraged in hobbies. (v) Cognitive health is unaffected by hobbies. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How does embracing a hobby contribute to one’s personal happiness and overall well-being? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. Obesity rates have been steadily increasing worldwide, becoming a significant public health issue. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), global obesity rates have nearly tripled since 1975. In 2023, approximately 13% of the world’s adult population was classified as obese, compared to 4% in 1975. 2. Obesity is linked to numerous health complications, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and certain types of cancer. The condition is primarily caused by poor dietary habits, lack of physical activity, and genetic factors. The rise in consumption of processed foods high in sugars and fats, along with a more sedentary lifestyle, has greatly contributed to the obesity epidemic. 3. The economic impact of obesity is also considerable. In 2023, the estimated global cost of obesity-related health issues was $2 trillion, equivalent to 2.8% of the global GDP. Countries with higher obesity rates often see increased healthcare expenditures and reduced workforce productivity. 4. Governments are implementing various strategies to combat obesity, including public health campaigns, promoting healthier diets, and encouraging regular physical activity. Some NODIA APP Sample Paper 17 Solutions Page 3 countries have introduced sugar taxes to reduce the consumption of sugary beverages and foods. 5. Experts predict that without effective intervention, global obesity rates could rise to 20% by 2035, further straining healthcare systems and economies. Chart : Global Obesity Rates from 1975 to 2023

Year Obesity Rate (%)

1975 4% 1990 6% 2005 9% 2020 11% 2023 13%

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “significant public health issue” by the writer, in paragraph 1, tell us about the concern surrounding obesity? 1(A) The writer believes obesity is not a major concern. (B) The writer is emphasizing the seriousness of obesity as a global problem. (C) The writer is indifferent to obesity’s impact. (D) The writer is downplaying the issue of obesity.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : Obesity is linked to several serious health complications.

Reason : Obesity increases the risk of diseases like heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the percentage of the world’s population classified as obese in 2023, according to the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two major causes of the rise in obesity rates? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1Global obesity rates have nearly tripled since 1975, with the current percentage standing at. The obesity rate in 2023 is _____ (13% / 20% / 9%).

vi. What are some of the strategies mentioned in the passage that governments are using to combat obesity? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1Obesity has a significant economic impact because.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : Experts predict that global obesity rates could rise to 20% by 2035 because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is addressing obesity critical for preventing future healthcare and economic burdens? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The widespread adoption of vegetarianism and veganism reflects a growing awareness of health, ethical, and environmental considerations. Moving beyond traditional dietary norms, an increasing number of people are choosing plant-based diets, driven by a desire to live more consciously and responsibly. This dietary shift, while sometimes requiring adjustments, offers significant benefits for individuals, animals, and the planet. 2. From a health perspective, plant-based diets are often rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals, while being lower in saturated fat and cholesterol. Studies frequently link vegetarian and vegan eating patterns to a reduced risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. These diets typically emphasize whole foods like fruits, vegetables, legumes, and grains, contributing to improved digestion and healthier weight management. 3. A strong ethical motivation underpins many choices to adopt vegetarianism or veganism. Concerns about animal welfare in industrial farming practices, including crowded conditions and inhumane treatment, lead many to abstain from meat and animal products. Recognizing animals as sentient beings capable of feeling pain and fear prompts a desire to reduce their suffering, aligning dietary choices with personal values regarding compassion. 4. Significant environmental advantages also stem from reducing meat and dairy consumption. Livestock farming is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation for pastureland, and water pollution. Plant-based diets require substantially less land, water, and energy to produce the same amount of protein. Shifting away from animal agriculture can therefore play a crucial role in mitigating climate change and preserving biodiversity. 5. While adopting a plant-based diet might seem challenging initially, its practical aspects are becoming increasingly accessible. The market now offers a vast array of plant-based alternatives for meat, dairy, and eggs, making the transition easier. Online resources, cookbooks, and community groups provide ample support, recipes, and nutritional guidance. Learning to cook with new ingredients can also be a creative and rewarding experience. 6. Ultimately, choosing a vegetarian or vegan lifestyle offers a powerful way to align daily habits with personal values of health, ethics, and environmental stewardship. It’s a conscious decision that contributes to individual well-being and a more sustainable, compassionate world. This dietary evolution empowers people to make a tangible positive impact through their food choices, showcasing that small changes can lead to large benefits.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why does the widespread adoption of vegetarianism and veganism reflect a ‘growing awareness’ in paragraph 1? 1Page 2 Sample Paper 18 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

ii. According to paragraph 1, people choose plant-based diets driven by a desire to do all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) live more consciously (B) live more responsibly (C) ignore ethical considerations (D) address health concerns

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Plant-based diets are often lower in saturated fat and ______ (fiber/cholesterol). (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘sentient beings’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) Animals are incapable of feeling pain or emotion. (B) Animals are beings that can perceive and feel sensations and emotions. (C) Animals are only viewed as resources for human consumption.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1deforestation : pastureland :: ______ :______ (Paragraph 4) (A) greenhouse gas: livestock farming (B) water pollution: climate change

vi. What are the various health benefits associated with plant-based diets, as highlighted in paragraph 2? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Livestock farming has no impact on greenhouse gas emissions. (ii) Reducing meat consumption has significant environmental advantages. (iii) There are no plant-based alternatives available in the market. (iv) Adopting a plant-based diet is becoming more accessible. (v) Learning to cook with new ingredients is not rewarding. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How does choosing a vegetarian or vegan lifestyle empower individuals to make a tangible positive impact? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. Waste management has become a critical issue in urban areas worldwide. In 2022, global municipal solid waste production reached 2.1 billion tons, with predictions that it could rise to 3.4 billion tons by 2050. Much of this waste ends up in landfills, while only 16% is recycled. The increasing amount of waste poses environmental challenges, including pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and habitat destruction. 2. Plastic waste, which accounts for 12% of global municipal solid waste, is particularly problematic due to its slow decomposition rate. It can take up to 500 years for some types of plastic to break down in the environment. Furthermore, less than 10% of plastic waste is recycled, contributing significantly to pollution in oceans and landfills. 3. Countries are implementing various strategies to improve waste management, such as expanding recycling programs, banning single-use plastics, and promoting waste-to-energy technologies. Some cities have introduced “zero-waste” initiatives, aiming to divert at least 90% of waste from landfills through recycling and composting. NODIA APP Sample Paper 18 Solutions Page 3 4. The economic cost of poor waste management is substantial. Inadequate waste disposal can increase healthcare costs, as waste-related pollution contributes to respiratory issues and water contamination. In 2022, it was estimated that the global economic impact of poor waste management was $375 billion. 5. Experts agree that improving waste management is critical for reducing environmental damage and protecting public health. Without proper action, the global waste crisis will continue to worsen, leading to even more severe consequences for both human and environmental health. Chart : Global Municipal Solid Waste Production (in billion tons)

Year Waste Production (billion tons)

2022 2.1 2030 2.7 (projected) 2050 3.4 (projected)

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “critical issue” by the writer, in paragraph 1, tell us about the significance of waste management? 1(A) The writer believes waste management is not a serious problem. (B) The writer is emphasizing the urgency of addressing waste management. (C) The writer is indifferent to the challenges of waste management. (D) The writer thinks waste management is aminor concern.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : Plastic waste is particularly problematic in waste management.

Reason : Plastic waste takes hundreds of years to decompose and has a low recycling rate. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the percentage of global plastic waste that is recycled, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two major environmental challenges caused by poor waste management? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1The projected global waste production by 2050 is expected to increase by more than 1 billion tons. The projected global waste production in 2050 is _____ (2.7 billion tons / 3.4 billion tons / 4.0 billion tons).

vi. What are some of the strategies mentioned in the passage that countries are using to improve waste management? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1The economic cost of poor waste management is significant because _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts emphasize the importance of improving waste management because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is improving waste management critical for the future of public health and the environment? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The pursuit of happiness, a universal human aspiration, often leads individuals to explore various avenues for contentment and fulfillment. While definitions of happiness may vary, scientific research and philosophical inquiry increasingly point towards certain key elements that consistently contribute to a sense of well-being. Understanding these components can guide us toward leading more joyful and meaningful lives. 2. One crucial element contributing to happiness is strong social connections. Humans are inherently social beings, and nurturing relationships with family, friends, and community members provides a vital sense of belonging and support. Regular interaction, shared experiences, and acts of kindness both given and received significantly boost mood and reduce feelings of loneliness, fostering a robust emotional foundation. 3. Furthermore, engaging in meaningful activities plays a pivotal role in long-term satisfaction. This extends beyond mere pleasure and involves pursuits that align with one’s values and provide a sense of purpose. Whether it’s excelling in a career, volunteering for a cause, pursuing apassionate hobby, or raising a family, contributing to something larger than oneself brings profound fulfillment and a lasting sense of accomplishment. 4. Practicing gratitude is another powerful pathway to cultivating happiness. Regularly acknowledging and appreciating the positive aspects of one’s life, no matter how small, shifts focus away from negativity and fosters a more optimistic outlook. Keeping a gratitude journal, expressing thanks to others, or simply taking a moment to appreciate blessings can significantly enhance one’s overall sense of well-being and contentment. 5. Developing resilience is also essential for sustaining happiness amidst life’s inevitable challenges. Life is not without difficulties, and the ability to bounce back from setbacks, learn from failures, and adapt to change is crucial. Resilient individuals view obstacles not as insurmountable barriers but as opportunities for growth, maintaining a positive perspective even in adversity. This mental fortitude helps navigate life’s ups and downs gracefully. 6. Ultimately, happiness is a multifaceted journey, not a fixed destination, nurtured through conscious effort and intentional choices. By prioritizing strong relationships, engaging in meaningful pursuits, practicing gratitude, and building resilience, individuals can actively construct a life rich in contentment. These interconnected elements form a holistic framework for a genuinely happy and fulfilling existence, accessible to everyone.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why does the pursuit of happiness often lead individuals to explore various avenues in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, understanding the components of happiness can guide us toward all of the following EXCEPT: 1Page 2 Sample Paper 19 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL (A) leading more joyful lives (B) leading more meaningless lives (C) leading more meaningful lives (D) improved well-being

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Nurturing relationships with family and friends provides a vital sense of ______ (isolation/ belonging). (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘profound fulfillment’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) A very deep and significant sense of satisfaction. (B) A slight and temporary feeling of happiness. (C) A feeling of disappointment after an activity.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1gratitude journal : optimistic outlook :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 4) (A) strong social connections: loneliness (B) volunteering: sense of purpose

vi. What are the specific ways that practicing gratitude can powerfully contribute to cultivating happiness, as explained in paragraph 4? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 3 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Engaging in meaningful activities leads to long-term satisfaction. (ii) Happiness comes solely from external pleasures. (iii) Developing resilience is essential for sustaining happiness. (iv) Obstacles should be viewed as insurmountable barriers. (v) Learning from failures is unimportant for growth. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 3 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How is happiness described as a journey rather than a fixed destination, and what does it entail? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The global electric vehicle (EV) market has seen significant growth in recent years, driven by environmental concerns and stricter regulations. By 2023, there were approximately 14 million electric vehicles in operation globally, a sharp increase from just 1 million in 2015. This represents a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 35%. 2. Electric vehicles offer substantial advantages over traditional gasoline-powered cars, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions and lower operational costs. EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions, making them a preferred choice for cities grappling with air pollution. In addition, electricity costs for EVs are typically 30-50% lower than gasoline costs in most regions. 3. However, electric vehicles still face several challenges. One of the primary issues is the insufficient charging infrastructure. As of 2023, there were only 2.7 million public charging stations worldwide, which is not enough to meet growing demand. Concerns about battery NODIA APP Sample Paper 19 Solutions Page 3 range and charging times also continue to affect consumer confidence. 4. Governments worldwide are supporting the transition to electric vehicles through incentives like tax credits, rebates, and subsidies. Some cities have even introduced low-emission zones, allowing only electric or hybrid vehicles to operate. 5. Experts predict that by 2030, electric vehicles could account for 30% of global car sales, significantly contributing to reductions in carbon emissions and efforts to combat climate change.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the phrase “significant growth” by the writer, in paragraph 1, suggest about the electric vehicle market? 1(A) The writer believes the market is stagnant. (B) The writer highlights the substantial and rapid expansion of the market. (C) The writer downplays the importance of electric vehicle growth. (D) The writer is indifferent to the market’s performance.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : Electric vehicles help reduce environmental damage caused by transportation.

Reason : EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions, lowering air pollution in urban areas. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the number of electric vehicles on the road in 2023, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two key challenges faced by the electric vehicle industry? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1Electric vehicles offer lower operating costs compared to gasoline-powered cars, with electricity costs being significantly lower in most regions. Electricity costs for EVs are about _____ (30-50% / 50-70% / 10-20%) lower than gasoline costs.

vi. What are some of the incentives mentioned in the passage that governments are using to encourage the adoption of electric vehicles? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles is limited, as _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts predict that electric vehicles could make up 30% of global car sales by 2030 because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is the adoption of electric vehicles important for addressing climate change? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The fascinating process of adaptation in the natural world allows living organisms to thrive in diverse and often challenging environments. This remarkable ability, shaped by evolution over millions of years, enables species to develop unique characteristics, behaviors, and physiological traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success. Understanding adaptation offers profound insights into the interconnectedness and resilience of life on Earth. 2. A key mechanism driving adaptation is natural selection. Organisms possessing traits that are better suited to their specific environment are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass those advantageous traits to their offspring. For instance, the long neck of a giraffe allows it to reach leaves on tall trees, giving it an advantage over shorter competitors in the same habitat. This gradual process leads to species becoming highly specialized for their niches. 3. Animals exhibit a wide array of behavioral adaptations to cope with their surroundings. Desert animals, such as fennec foxes, are nocturnal to avoid the intense daytime heat. Birds migrate thousands of miles to find warmer climates and abundant food sources. Many species, like chameleons, employ camouflage to blend into their environment, protecting themselves from predators or ambushing prey. These actions are crucial for survival. 4. Plants also showcase incredible adaptations to diverse conditions. Cacti, for example, have thick, waxy stems that store water and spines instead of leaves to minimize water loss in arid regions. Some aquatic plants develop specialized air pockets to float on water, allowing their leaves to absorb sunlight. Others, like carnivorous plants, adapt to nutrient-poor soils by trapping and digesting insects for sustenance. 5. Moreover, physiological adaptations involve internal body processes that help organisms survive. Animals living in cold climates, like polar bears, have thick layers of blubber for insulation and specialized fur that provides warmth. Deep-sea fish develop unique enzymes that function under immense pressure and in extremely cold temperatures. These internal changes allow them to withstand otherwise uninhabitable conditions. 6. Ultimately, the study of adaptation underscores the incredible diversity and ingenuity of life. It highlights how species constantly evolve in response to environmental pressures, showcasing nature’s persistent drive for survival. Recognizing these adaptations deepens our appreciation for biodiversity and emphasizes the importance of preserving natural habitats, ensuring that life’s intricate dance of survival continues for future generations.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why does the fascinating process of adaptation allow living organisms to ‘thrive’ in diverse environments in paragraph 1? 1Page 2 Sample Paper 20 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

ii. According to paragraph 1, adaptation enables species to develop all of the following EXCEPT:1 (A) unique characteristics (B) enhanced survival (C) reduced reproductive success (D) physiological traits

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1The long neck of a giraffe is an example of a trait that enhances its ______ (survival/speed). (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘intense daytime heat’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) Temperatures are cool and pleasant during the day. (B) Temperatures are extremely high during the day. (C) Temperatures fluctuate moderately throughout the day.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1fennec foxes : nocturnal :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 3) (A) chameleons: camouflage (B) birds: hibernation

vi. What are the remarkable behavioral adaptations that animals exhibit to cope with their surroundings, as explained in paragraph 3? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) All plants need lots of water to survive. (ii) Plants show incredible adaptations to diverse conditions. (iii) Deep-sea fish cannot function under immense pressure. (iv) Physiological adaptations involve internal body processes. (v) Polar bears have no unique adaptations for cold. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How does the study of adaptation deepen our appreciation for biodiversity and emphasize habitat preservation? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. Mental health awareness has grown significantly in recent years, with more individuals seeking help for conditions such as anxiety and depression. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 1 in 8 people worldwide lived with a mental health disorder in 2021, representing about 970 million people. This is a sharp increase from 792 million in 2017. 2. The COVID-19 pandemic further worsened global mental health, with rates of anxiety and depression increasing by 25% during its peak in 2020. Factors such as social isolation, job insecurity, and fear NODIA APP Sample Paper 20 Solutions Page 3 of illness contributed to this rise. Young people, particularly those aged 15 to 29, experienced a 30% increase in anxiety-related conditions during this period. 3. Many countries are working to improve mental health services by increasing funding, promoting mental health education, and integrating mental health care into primary healthcare systems. Telemedicine has emerged as a key tool, with usage increasing by 45% between 2020 and 2022, providing remote mental health support for individuals who cannot access in-person care. 4. Despite progress, mental health services remain underfunded globally. WHO estimates that low-income countries allocate less than 2% of their national health budgets to mental health, compared to 5% in middle-income countries and 8% in high-income countries. This leaves millions of individuals, particularly in low-income regions, without adequate care. 5. Experts stress that addressing mental health is crucial for overall well-being, economic productivity, and reducing the global burden of disease. Poor mental health is estimated to cost the global economy $1 trillion annually due to lost productivity and increased healthcare costs.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “sharp increase” by the writer, in paragraph 1, suggest about the rise in mental health disorders? 1(A) The writer is downplaying the growth of mental health issues. (B) The writer highlights a significant and rapid rise in mental health disorders. (C) The writer is showing indifference to mental health issues. (D) The writer believes mental health disorders have not changed significantly.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : The COVID-19 pandemic worsened global mental health.

Reason : During the pandemic, anxiety and depression rates increased by 25%, driven by factors such as social isolation and job insecurity. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the percentage increase in anxiety-related conditions among young people (aged 15 to 29) during the COVID-19 pandemic, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two primary reasons for the rise in mental health challenges during the pandemic? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1Global mental health conditions saw a steep rise, with the number of people affected increasing by nearly 200 million between 2017 and 2021. The total number of people living with mental health disorders in 2021 was _____ (792 million / 970 million / 1.2 billion).

vi. What are some of the strategies mentioned in the passage that countries are using to improve mental health services? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1Telemedicine has become a critical tool in mental health care, with its usage increasing by _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts emphasize the importance of addressing mental health because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is addressing mental health critical for global well-being and economic productivity? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The growing importance of critical thinking in today’s information-saturated world cannot be overstated. With an overwhelming flow of data from various sources, the ability to analyze information objectively, evaluate arguments, and form reasoned judgments is more crucial than ever. It enables individuals to distinguish fact from opinion, identify biases, and make informed decisions, becoming an indispensable skill for navigating complex modern life. 2. At its core, critical thinking involves asystematic process of inquiry and evaluation. It encourages individuals to question assumptions, explore different perspectives, and consider the implications of various ideas before accepting them as truth. This active engagement with information goes beyond passive reception, fostering a deeper understanding of subjects and challenging preconceived notions. It is afundamental skill for effective learning. 3. Furthermore, developing critical thinking skills significantly enhances problem-solving abilities. When faced with complex issues, critical thinkers can break down problems into manageable parts, identify key factors, and explore multiple potential solutions. They can anticipate consequences and evaluate the effectiveness of different approaches, leading to more innovative and practical resolutions in both personal and professional contexts. 4. Critical thinking also plays a vital role in fostering effective communication. By learning to structure thoughts logically and present arguments clearly, individuals can articulate their ideas more persuasively and participate in constructive dialogue. It allows for clearer expression of opinions, supported by evidence, and promotes respectful engagement even when disagreements arise, leading to more productive exchanges. 5. Cultivating critical thinking is a continuous process that can be nurtured through various practices. Engaging in debates and discussions, analyzing case studies, solving puzzles, and reflecting on one’s own thought processes are effective methods. Educators can promote this by encouraging open-ended questions, facilitating group analysis, and assigning tasks that require deep thought and reasoned justification rather than rote memorization. 6. Ultimately, embracing critical thinking empowers individuals to be active, engaged citizens capable of contributing meaningfully to society. It equips them to resist manipulation, make ethical choices, and adapt to rapidly changing circumstances. This intellectual agility is key to personal growth, academic success, and fostering a democratic society where informed decisions drive progress. Its value extends far beyond the classroom.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why is the growing importance of critical thinking ‘crucial’ in today’s world, as mentioned in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, critical thinking enables individuals to do all of the following EXCEPT: 1 Page 2 Sample Paper 21 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL (A) analyze information objectively (B) make uninformed decisions (C) distinguish fact from opinion (D) identify biases

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Critical thinking encourages individuals to question ______ (assumptions/facts). (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘preconceived notions’ suggests in paragraph 2. 1(A) Ideas or opinions formed after careful research. (B) Ideas or opinions formed before having enough information or experience. (C) Concepts that are universally accepted as true.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1problem-solving : innovative resolutions :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 3) (A) arguments: persuasion (B) rote memorization: deep thought

vi. What are the ways in which developing critical thinking skills significantly enhances problem-solving abilities, as described in paragraph 3? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Critical thinking fosters effective communication. (ii) Critical thinking discourages structured thoughts. (iii) Cultivating critical thinking is a continuous process. (iv) Debates are ineffective methods for critical thinking. (v) Educators should encourage rote memorization over justification. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How does embracing critical thinking empower individuals to be active, engaged citizens? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The present generation is well updated with the use of internet and computers. The rapid development in computer technology and increase in accessibility of the internet for academic purposes has changed the face of education for everyone associated with it. Let’s look at the data arising out of a recent survey that was done to ascertain the time spent on utilisation of the computer and internet. NODIA APP Sample Paper 21 Solutions Page 3 2. At present, many schools and universities have been implementing internet-based learning, as it supplements the conventional teaching methods. The internet provides a vide variety of references and information to academics as well as scientific researchers. Students often turn to it to do their academic assignments and projects. 3. However, research on Internet is very different from traditional library research, and the differences can cause problems. The Internet is a tremendous resource, but it must be used carefully and critically. 4. According to a 2018 Academic Student e-book Experience Survey, conducted by LJ’s research department and sponsored by EBSCO, when reading for pleasure, almost 74% of respondents said they preferred print books for leisure whereas, 45% of respondents chose e-books rather than the printed versions, for research or assignments. 5. When asked what e-book features make them their favourite for research, the respondents were clear. Having page numbers to use in citations, topped the list (75%); followed by the ability to resize text to fit a device’s screen (67%); the ability to bookmark pages, highlight text, or take notes for later reference (60%); downloading the entire e-book (57%); and allowing content to be transferred between devices (43%) were the varied responses.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “changed the face of education” by the writer, in paragraph 1, suggest about the impact of computers and the internet on education? 1(A) The writer believes that education has not been influenced by computers and the internet. (B) The writer is emphasizing the significant transformation that computers and the internet have brought to education. (C) The writer feels that the internet has had little effect on education. (D) The writer is indifferent to the influence of computers on education.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : Many schools and universities are using internet-based learning.

Reason : The internet provides a wide range of information and resources for academic assignments. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason explains the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason does not explain the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the year in which the Academic Student e-book Experience Survey mentioned in the passage was conducted. 1

iv. Based on the figure in the passage, which activity has the highest percentage of people using computers for personal use every day? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1According to the survey, respondents favored e-books for academic research due to certain features that enhanced their utility for assignments and citations. The respondents prefer e-books for research because they offer the ability to _____. (resize text / cite page numbers / print content)

vi. What are some of the challenges associated with using the internet for research, as mentioned in the passage? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1The internet provides a wide range of information for students, but _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts believe that the preference for e-books in academic research will continue to grow because _____. Page 4 Sample Paper 21 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

ix. In the context of paragraph 4, why do respondents prefer print books for leisure, despite their preference for e-books in academic research? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The transformative power of volunteerism offers immense benefits, not only to the communities it serves but also to the individuals who dedicate their time and effort. Engaging in voluntary work provides a unique opportunity to contribute positively to society, develop new skills, and foster a deeper sense of connection and purpose. This selfless act of giving back truly enriches both the giver and the receiver. 2. One primary advantage of volunteering is its direct impact on societal well-being. Volunteers often fill crucial gaps in public services, supporting vulnerable populations, assisting in disaster relief, or maintaining public spaces. Whether helping in soup kitchens, tutoring children, or cleaning up parks, their efforts directly improve living conditions and provide essential aid to those in need, creating a more caring and supportive community fabric. 3. Furthermore, volunteering is an excellent avenue for personal growth and skill development. Participants frequently acquire new practical skills, such as event management, communication, teamwork, or technical abilities, depending on the nature of the work. It can also enhance soft skills like leadership, problem-solving, and adaptability. These experiences not only boost confidence but can also be valuable additions to a resume, aiding future academic or career pursuits. 4. Engaging in voluntary work often leads to significant improvements in mental and emotional well-being. The act of helping others can provide a profound sense of purpose and accomplishment, reducing feelings of stress and depression. It offers opportunities for social interaction, combating loneliness and fostering a sense of belonging. Many volunteers report increased happiness and a more positive outlook on life as a result of their contributions. 5. Volunteers also play a crucial role in fostering civic responsibility and community cohesion. By actively participating in efforts to improve their surroundings, individuals develop astronger sense of ownership and accountability for their communities. This shared commitment strengthens social bonds, builds trust among residents, and encourages more active participation in local governance and collective problem-solving initiatives. 6. Ultimately, embracing volunteerism is a powerful way to make a tangible difference in the world while simultaneously enriching one’s own life. It embodies the spirit of compassion and collective action, demonstrating that individual efforts, when combined, can create profound positive change. This valuable contribution ensures ahealthier, more supportive, and interconnected society for everyone.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why does the transformative power of volunteerism offer ‘immense benefits’ in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, engaging in voluntary work provides all of the following EXCEPT: 1Page 2 Sample Paper 22 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL (A) positive contribution to society (B) development of new skills (C) a deeper sense of connection (D) fostering self-centeredness

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Volunteers often fill crucial gaps in ______ (public services/personal finances). (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘creating a more caring and supportive community fabric’ suggests in paragraph 2. 1(A) Voluntary work makes communities less connected. (B) Voluntary work helps build a stronger, more compassionate and interconnected community. (C) Voluntary work only benefits a select few individuals.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1soup kitchens : assisting vulnerable populations :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 2) (A) resume: skill development (B) disaster relief: financial aid

vi. What are the various ways that volunteering serves as an excellent avenue for personal growth and skill development, as explained in paragraph 3? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Social interaction is not a benefit of volunteering. (ii) Volunteers foster civic responsibility and community cohesion. (iii) Volunteering increases feelings of loneliness. (iv) Individual efforts have no impact on community problem-solving. (v) Volunteering leads to improvements in mental and emotional well-being. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) ii iv (B) i iii (C) v ii (D) iii v

viii. How does embracing volunteerism make a tangible difference in the world while simultaneously enriching one’s own life? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. Obesity is defined as a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m², with extreme obesity classified as a BMI over 40 kg/m². Obesity is rapidly becoming the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, projected to surpass deaths from tobacco use. The incidence of obesity has doubled since 1960, with one-third of the adult population now obese. Equally concerning is the increase in overweight children, which has risen from 6% to 19% over the past 25 years. 2. Obesity presents a major epidemiologic challenge, with annual healthcare costs for obesity-related diseases expected to exceed $150 billion in the U.S. Approximately 60% of adults are currently either obese or overweight. Obesity is linked to a higher incidence of diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Contributing factors include fast food, Trans Fatty Acids (TFAs), and decreased physical activity. 3. The use of BMI alone has limited value for predicting cardiovascular outcomes, but its utility is improved when combined with waist NODIA APP Sample Paper 22 Solutions Page 3 circumference and other measurements. Public health initiatives are playing a key role in addressing obesity by targeting contributing factors. 4. For example, initiatives in New York City and Denmark successfully passed legislation to reduce or remove TFAs from diets, an important step in combating obesity-related diseases. 5. The experience gained from tackling previous health issues like smoking should help expand obesity-related health initiatives and prevent future generations from suffering the long-term consequences of obesity.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “rapidly becoming the leading cause of preventable death” by the writer, in paragraph 1, suggest about obesity? 1(A) The writer believes obesity is not a serious issue. (B) The writer emphasizes the urgent threat obesity poses to public health. (C) The writer thinks obesity will not surpass tobacco-related deaths. (D) The writer is indifferent to obesity’s impact on public health.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : Obesity is becoming the next major epidemiologic challenge for doctors.

Reason : Consumption of fast food and decreased physical activity are contributing to the obesity epidemic. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason explains the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason does not explain the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the current percentage of adults in the United States who are either obese or overweight, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. Based on the figure, which age group has the highest obesity prevalence for women? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1Legislation in New York City and Denmark has successfully reduced Trans Fatty Acids (TFAs) in residents’ diets through public health initiatives. The reduction of TFAs was achieved by _____. (Changing dietary guidelines / Implementing legislation / Reducing portion sizes)

vi. What are some of the challenges associated with using BMI as a measure of obesity, as mentioned in the passage? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1Obesity is linked to many serious health conditions, but _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts believe that public health initiatives targeting obesity will succeed because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why are legislative measures like those in New York City and Denmark important for managing the obesity epidemic? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The fascinating history of photography, from its humble beginnings to its omnipresence today, reflects a continuous human desire to capture and preserve moments in time. What started as complex chemical processes has evolved into an instant, ubiquitous art form and communication tool. Understanding its journey reveals how this invention has profoundly impacted art, science, and our everyday perception of the world. 2. Early photographic experiments in the 19th century laid the groundwork for this revolution. Pioneers like Nicéphore Niépce and Louis Daguerre developed methods to fix images, albeit with long exposure times and fragile results. These early daguerreotypes and calotypes were groundbreaking, offering the first permanent visual records, which forever changed how historical events and personal memories could be documented and shared. 3. Over the decades, photography’s technical capabilities expanded dramatically. The introduction of flexible film by George Eastman’s Kodak company made cameras portable and accessible to the public, moving photography out of specialized studios. Later innovations, including color photography, instant cameras, and eventually digital sensors, democratized the medium further, allowing millions to become photographers in their own right. 4. Beyond its technical evolution, photography has wielded immense cultural and social influence. It became a powerful tool for journalism, bringing distant realities and social issues into vivid focus for mass audiences. In art, it challenged traditional painting, creating new aesthetic possibilities and abstract forms. Family photographs became cherished keepsakes, shaping personal narratives and preserving lineages across generations. 5. The digital revolution of the late 20th and early 21st centuries transformed photography once more. Digital cameras eliminated the need for film, offering instant previews and easy sharing. The integration of cameras into smartphones made photography universally accessible, leading to an explosion of visual content on social media platforms. This shift redefined photography’s role, making it integral to daily communication and self-expression. 6. Ultimately, photography is far more than asimple recording device; it is a language, aform of memory, and a powerful medium for understanding our world. Its continuous evolution reflects human ingenuity and our innate need to observe, interpret, and share. From scientific documentation to artistic expression and casual selfies, photography continues to shape how we see, remember, and connect, making every captured image a tiny piece of history.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why does the history of photography reflect a ‘continuous human desire’ in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, understanding photography’s journey reveals its impact on all of the following EXCEPT: 1Page 2 Sample Paper 23 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL (A) art (B) science (C) our everyday perception (D) ancient chemical processes

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those in the brackets. 1Early daguerreotypes and calotypes were groundbreaking, offering the first ______ (temporary/permanent) visual records. (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘democratized the medium’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) Photography became more exclusive and less available to the general public. (B) Photography became more widely accessible and usable by ordinary people. (C) Photography became solely limited to professional artists and scientists.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1journalism : social issues :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 4) (A) art: abstract forms (B) family photographs: future planning

vi. What were the key technical innovations that expanded photography’s capabilities beyond its early experiments, as mentioned in paragraph 3? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Photography had immense cultural and social influence. (ii) Photography had no impact on journalism. (iii) The digital revolution transformed photography. (iv) Smartphone cameras made photography less accessible. (v) Photography is irrelevant to self-expression. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) iii v(B) v i(C) ii iv (D) i iii

viii. How is photography described as more than a simple recording device, according to paragraph 6? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. Sports and energy drinks consumed by athletes and fitness enthusiasts are beverages rich in essential components like nutrients, vitamins, and carbohydrates. These drinks provide much-needed mental and physical stimulation, an instant energy boost, and help replenish electrolytes lost during workouts. Energy drinks keep the body hydrated, which is crucial for maintaining performance. In India, consumers drink 120 billion liters of beverages, of which 4% are ready-to-drink energy drinks, available in various flavors, including organic options. 2. Aggressive promotion and marketing by major brands have significantly contributed to their market growth. Celebrity endorsements, the development of consumer-oriented products such as sugar-free or customizable drinks, and the availability of products across various platforms have increased the market size. Sponsoring sporting events and teams is expected to further fuel growth. NODIA APP Sample Paper 23 Solutions Page 3 3. The market size of Indian sports and energy drinks reached US$ 2.4 billion in 2022. At the current growth rate, projections estimate the market to reach US$ 5.0 billion by 2027, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.27% during the 2022-2027 period. 4. Many athletes confuse energy drinks with sports drinks. Energy drinks, containing more than 10% sugar, create an insulin spike followed by an energy crash, leaving athletes fatigued and lethargic. This is not ideal for athletes who need to maintain energy and focus for peak performance. 5. The energy drinks market in India has seen steady revenue growth in convenience stores, as shown in the chart. From 2014 to 2022, the revenue increased from USD 34.09 million to USD 37.14 million.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “much-needed mental and physical stimulation” by the writer, in paragraph 1, suggest about energy drinks? 1(A) The writer believes energy drinks have no impact on mental and physical health. (B) The writer is emphasizing the benefits of energy drinks in enhancing mental and physical performance. (C) The writer feels energy drinks only affect mental performance. (D) The writer is indifferent to the effects of energy drinks on health.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : The energy drink market in India has grown significantly.

Reason : Aggressive marketing, celebrity endorsements, and product customization have driven the growth of the energy drink market. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason explains the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason does not explain the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the market size of Indian sports and energy drinks in 2022, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. Based on the figure, what was the revenue of the energy drinks market in Indian convenience stores in 2014? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1Energy drinks containing more than 10% sugar cause a rapid insulin spike, followed by an energy crash. Energy drinks, according to the passage, can leave athletes ______. (energetic/lethargic/ hydrated)

vi. What are some of the challenges associated with consuming energy drinks for athletes, as mentioned in the passage? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1The Indian energy drink market is expected to reach US$ 5.0 billion by 2027, showing _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts believe that the continued growth of the energy drinks market is due to _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 4, why is it problematic for athletes to consume energy drinks? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The growing importance of environmental education highlights a crucial pathway towards fostering a sustainable future. It equips individuals with the knowledge, skills, values, and motivation needed to understand complex environmental issues and take responsible action. More than just teaching facts about nature, it aims to cultivate a deep sense of respect for the planet and its interconnected ecosystems. 2. One primary objective of environmental education is to raise awareness about global and local ecological challenges. It informs people about critical issues such as climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and resource depletion. Understanding the causes and consequences of these problems is the first step towards finding effective solutions. This knowledge empowers individuals to make informed decisions in their daily lives. 3. Furthermore, environmental education develops critical thinking and problem-solving skills. It encourages learners to analyze environmental data, evaluate different perspectives on ecological issues, and propose innovative solutions. Rather than simply memorizing information, students learn to investigate, question, and engage in constructive dialogue about complex environmental dilemmas, preparing them to be active participants in sustainability efforts. 4. It also plays a vital role in fostering values and attitudes conducive to environmental stewardship. Through experiential learning and connection with nature, individuals develop empathy for living organisms and a sense of responsibility towards protecting natural resources. This emotional connection motivates them to adopt sustainable behaviors, such as reducing waste, conserving energy, and supporting eco-friendly practices in their communities. 5. Practical applications of environmental education extend to promoting sustainable lifestyles. It teaches individuals how to implement green practices in their homes, schools, and workplaces. This includes practical skills like composting, setting up recycling systems, understanding sustainable consumption choices, and advocating for environmental policies. Such skills enable people to live more lightly on the Earth. 6. Ultimately, environmental education is essential for building a generation of environmentally literate citizens. It empowers individuals to become agents of change, capable of influencing positive environmental outcomes at local, national, and global levels. By integrating this vital learning into educational systems and community programs, we can collectively ensure a healthier planet and a more sustainable way of life for all future generations.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why does the growing importance of environmental education highlight a ‘crucial pathway’ in paragraph 1? 1Page 2 Sample Paper 24 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

ii. According to paragraph 1, environmental education aims to do all of the following EXCEPT: 2(A) cultivate respect for the planet (B) teach facts about nature (C) foster a deep sense of disconnection (D) understand interconnected ecosystems

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Understanding the causes and consequences of ecological problems is the first step towards finding ______ (complex/effective) solutions. (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘conducive to environmental stewardship’ suggests in paragraph 4. 1(A) Attitudes that are harmful to the environment. (B) Values that lead to neglecting environmental protection. (C) Attitudes and values that are helpful or favorable for protecting and managing the environment.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1climate change : global issue :: ______ :______ (Paragraph 2) (A) recycling: sustainable behavior (B) deforestation: biodiversity increase

vi. What are the ways in which environmental education develops critical thinking and problem-solving skills, as explained in paragraph 3? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and aragraph 5? 1(i) Environmental education fosters values for environmental stewardship. (ii) Experiential learning has no role in developing empathy for nature. (iii) Environmental education promotes sustainable lifestyles. (iv) Practical skills like composting are irrelevant. (v) Advocating for environmental policies is unnecessary. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How does environmental education empower individuals to become agents of change for asustainable future? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. Private coaching has become a multi-million rupee industry in India. The trend is a symptom of a larger problem—the lack of quality teaching, particularly in government schools in small towns and villages. According to a 2020 report, families spend nearly `55,000 annually on private coaching. Efforts to improve government schools are needed to reduce this financial burden on families. Despite this, the private coaching industry continues to NODIA APP Sample Paper 24 Solutions Page 3 grow rapidly, with many students depending on it for academic success. 2. A recent NSSO survey shows that 31% of male and 29% of female secondary-level students take private coaching, making it the highest among all education levels. Nearly 20% of students across all pre-primary and higher education levels rely on private coaching.

> STUDENTS AT SECONDARY LEVEL TAKE PRIVATE COACHING THE MOST
> Rural + Urban (X)Level Male Female All India Pre-primary 12.4 10.8 11.6 Primary 16.5 16.2 16.4 Upper primary Middle level 23 20.6 21.9 Secondary 31.1 29.1 30.2 Higher Secondary 29.6 24.7 27.5 Diploma certificate 7.2 7.7 7.3 Graduate & above level 13.8 13 13.5 All (pre-primary and above level) 20.5 19 19.8

3. Private coaching is a thriving business across the country, with over 7.1 crore students taking private tuition classes as of 2016. The private coaching market was valued at `24,000 crore in 2019 and is growing. 4. Experts attribute this trend at the secondary level to the pressure of entrance exams for professional courses like engineering and medicine. The intense competition for admission into these fields has led to a higher demand for coaching. 5. Anil Swarup, former Secretary of School Education, explained that private coaching is necessary due to the gap between learning and understanding in formal education, particularly when preparing for competitive exams.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “symptom of a larger problem” by the writer, in paragraph 1, suggest about private coaching? 1(A) The writer believes private coaching is the root cause of educational issues. (B) The writer highlights that private coaching is not the problem but a consequence of poor-quality education in government schools. (C) The writer feels that private coaching is the only solution for education. (D) The writer is indifferent to the need for private coaching.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : Private coaching has seen significant growth across India.

Reason : Families are seeking better educational outcomes for their children due to gaps in formal schooling. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason explains the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason does not explain the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the percentage of male and female secondary-level students who take private coaching, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. Based on the table, which education level has the highest percentage of students taking private coaching in India? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1Families spend a significant amount of money on private coaching each year in India, as demonstrated by the growing market for supplementary education. According to the passage, families spend nearly

`_____ annually on private coaching. ( `30,000/

`55,000/ `20,000)

vi. What are some of the reasons for the growing demand for private coaching, particularly at the secondary level, as mentioned in the passage? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1Private coaching fills the gap left by poor-quality education, but _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts believe the rise of private coaching is driven by _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 4, why do experts believe competitive entrance exams contribute to the growth of private coaching? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The resurgence of interest in local tourism offers a refreshing alternative to conventional travel, encouraging exploration of nearby cultural gems and natural landscapes. This growing trend emphasizes sustainability, supports local economies, and fosters a deeper appreciation for one’s immediate surroundings. It’s a shift that not only benefits travelers but also contributes significantly to the vitality of communities close to home. 2. A primary advantage of local tourism is its significant positive impact on the environment. By reducing the need for long-distance flights and extensive transportation, it minimizes carbon footprints associated with travel. Local excursions often encourage activities like walking, cycling, or using public transport, further decreasing environmental strain. This focus on proximity and sustainable modes of discovery aligns well with eco-conscious living. 3. Furthermore, supporting local tourism directly strengthens regional economies. When travelers explore nearby destinations, their spending on accommodation, food, local crafts, and services directly benefits small businesses and service providers in the area. This influx of revenue helps sustain jobs, stimulates entrepreneurship, and keeps money circulating within the community, fostering economic resilience and growth. 4. Local tourism also plays a crucial role in cultural preservation and appreciation. It encourages visitors to engage with local traditions, heritage sites, and community events that might otherwise be overlooked. This interaction fosters a greater understanding of diverse local identities and helps preserve unique customs, arts, and historical narratives. It transforms passive observation into active cultural exchange and learning experiences. 5. The convenience and accessibility of local travel are undeniable benefits. Spontaneous day trips, weekend getaways, or short holidays within one’s region eliminate the complexities of extensive planning, visa applications, and jet lag. The familiarity of the local language and customs also reduces stress, allowing for a more relaxed and immersive experience without the pressures often associated with international travel. 6. Ultimately, promoting local tourism is a powerful way to foster community pride and build astronger connection to one’s own region. It creates a symbiotic relationship where travelers gain enriching experiences, and local communities thrive economically and culturally. This mindful approach to travel not only reduces environmental impact but also deepens our appreciation for the beauty and diversity that lies right on our doorstep.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why does the resurgence of interest in local tourism offer a ‘refreshing alternative’ in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, local tourism emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) sustainability (B) supporting global economies Page 2 Sample Paper 25 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL (C) fostering deeper appreciation for surroundings (D) exploring nearby cultural gems

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Local excursions often encourage activities like ______ (flying/cycling). (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘influx of revenue’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) A small and insignificant amount of money coming into the community. (B) A sudden and large flow of money into the community. (C) Money being taken out of the local economy.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1long-distance flights : carbon footprint :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 2) (A) local crafts: economic resilience (B) public transport: environmental strain

vi. What are the specific ways that local tourism plays a crucial role in cultural preservation and appreciation, as mentioned in paragraph 4? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Local tourism fosters cultural understanding. (ii) Local tourism discourages engagement with heritage sites. (iii) The convenience and accessibility of local travel are undeniable. (iv) International travel is always stress-free. (v) Local languages are difficult for travelers. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) ii iv (B) i iii (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How does promoting local tourism foster community pride and build stronger connections to one’s region? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The automobile industry in India is the world’s fourth-largest. India ranked as the fourth-largest manufacturer of cars and the seventh-largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles in 2019. The industry is projected to reach `18.18 trillion by 2026. It attracted Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) worth `1.85 lakh crore from April 2000 to March 2020, according to the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT). India’s automotive sector significantly contributes to the country’s GDP, generating employment and fostering innovation. 2. Two-wheelers and passenger vehicles dominate the Indian auto market. Two-wheelers accounted for 80.8% of sales, while passenger cars had a 12.9% share, resulting in over 21.55 million vehicles sold in FY20. According to the figure, automobile sales in India have fluctuated between FY16 and FY20, with the highest sales recorded in FY19 at around 26 million vehicles. 3. The government is focused on making India a global manufacturing hub and has established National Automotive Testing and R&D Infrastructure Project (NATRIP) centres. NATRIP aims to support EV performance certification under the FAME scheme. NODIA APP Sample Paper 25 Solutions Page 3 4. The government set an ambitious target to transition entirely to Electric Vehicles (EVs). The Ministry of Heavy Industries has shortlisted 11 cities to introduce EVs under the FAME-II scheme, with a budget of `10,000 crore. 5. EV sales in India grew by 20% in FY20, reaching 1.56 lakh units, driven primarily by two-wheelers. The government expects the sector to attract

`64,000-80,000 crore in investment by 2023.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the phrase “contributes significantly to the country’s GDP” by the writer, in paragraph 1, suggest about the Indian automobile industry? 1 (A) The writer believes the automobile industry has little impact on India’s economy. (B) The writer is emphasizing the important role the automobile industry plays in generating revenue and employment. (C) The writer feels the automobile industry is outdated and irrelevant to modern India. (D) The writer is indifferent to the industry’s impact on the economy.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : The automobile industry in India is projected to grow rapidly by 2026.

Reason : The growth of the automobile sector is driven by the expansion of rural markets and an increase in middle-class income. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason explains the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason does not explain the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the projected market size of the Indian automobile industry by 2026, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. Based on the figure, in which financial year did automobile sales reach their peak, and approximately how many vehicles were sold? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1The Indian government has set ambitious goals to shift entirely to Electric Vehicles (EVs) under the FAME-II scheme. The government allocated `_____ for this initiative. (`1,000 crore/ `10,000 crore/ `5,000 crore)

vi. What are some of the reasons for the growth of the automobile sector in India, as mentioned in the passage? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1The Indian automotive industry attracted `1.85 lakh crore in FDI between 2000 and 2020, contributing to _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts believe the government’s investment in Electric Vehicles (EVs) will succeed because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 4, why are government initiatives like FAME-II important for the future of the Indian automobile industry? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The invaluable role of trees in sustaining life on Earth extends far beyond their aesthetic appeal. These magnificent living organisms are critical components of healthy ecosystems, playing afoundational part in maintaining ecological balance and supporting biodiversity. Understanding their multifaceted contributions highlights why their protection and proliferation are essential for our planet’s future. 2. Crucially, trees are the lungs of our planet. Through the process of photosynthesis, they absorb carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, and release oxygen, which is vital for most life forms. A single mature tree can absorb significant amounts of carbon annually, acting as a powerful natural carbon sink. Their presence helps regulate the Earth’s climate and purifies the air we breathe, directly impacting human health. 3. Furthermore, trees play a pivotal role in the water cycle. They absorb rainwater, reducing runoff and preventing soil erosion, which helps in replenishing groundwater supplies. Their root systems filter pollutants from the soil, contributing to cleaner rivers and streams. In forested areas, trees release moisture into the atmosphere, creating clouds and influencing rainfall patterns, a process vital for regional climates and agricultural productivity. 4. An abundance of trees is also indispensable for supporting biodiversity. Forests provide habitats and food sources for countless species of plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, many of which are unique to these ecosystems. The destruction of forests leads to significant habitat loss, driving species towards extinction. Protecting tree cover is fundamental to preserving the rich tapestry of life on Earth. 5. Beyond their ecological functions, trees offer numerous direct benefits to human well-being. Urban trees provide shade, reducing the “heat island” effect in cities and lowering energy consumption for cooling. They enhance mental health by offering serene green spaces for recreation and relaxation, reducing stress and improving mood. Even their presence in neighborhoods can boost property values and foster community pride. 6. Ultimately, investing in trees is investing in a healthier, more resilient planet. Their vital services, from air purification and climate regulation to biodiversity support and human well-being, underscore their irreplaceable value. By actively participating in tree planting initiatives, protecting existing forests, and promoting sustainable forestry, we can ensure that these silent guardians continue to nourish our planet for generations to come.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why is the invaluable role of trees described as extending ‘far beyond their aesthetic appeal’ in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, trees are critical components that do all of the following EXCEPT: 1Page 2 Sample Paper 26 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL (A) maintain ecological balance (B) support biodiversity (C) deplete vital resources (D) sustain life on Earth

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Trees absorb carbon dioxide and release ______ (nitrogen/oxygen). (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘powerful natural carbon sink’ suggests in paragraph 2. 1(A) Trees are unable to store carbon. (B) Trees are very effective at absorbing and storing large amounts of carbon. (C) Trees release more carbon than they absorb.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1forests : habitats :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 4) (A) pollution: clean water (B) urban trees: shade

vi. What are the various ways trees play a pivotal role in the water cycle, as explained in paragraph 3? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Trees offer numerous direct benefits to human well-being. (ii) Forest destruction has no impact on species extinction. (iii) Green spaces do not improve mental health. (iv) Urban trees contribute to the “heat island” effect. (v) Trees are indispensable for supporting biodiversity. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How does investing in trees ensure a healthier and more resilient planet for future generations? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. Education plays a pivotal role in shaping India’s future, and over the past decade, there has been a strong focus on improving literacy rates and access to education. By 2021, India’s literacy rate reached 77.7%, up from 64.8% in 2001. However, rural literacy still lags behind at 67%, compared to 84% in urban areas. 2. Dropout rates remain a challenge, especially among girls in rural regions. In 2020, about 40% of girls aged 15-18 dropped out of school, with early marriage and lack of sanitation facilities cited as key reasons. For boys, the dropout rate during the same age range was 33%. 3. The government has introduced several initiatives to improve education access and reduce dropout rates. Programs like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao have focused on increasing girls’ enrollment in schools. The Midday Meal Scheme has benefitted over 100 million children across India, helping to improve attendance and reduce hunger. 4. The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions in education. By mid-2021, over 240 million students were affected by school closures, leading to a shift toward online learning. However, only 24% of Indian households had access to NODIA APP Sample Paper 26 Solutions Page 3 the internet, further widening the digital divide between urban and rural areas. 5. Experts believe that continued investments in infrastructure, teacher training, and digital education are essential to ensure equitable access to education. They predict that with improved resources, India’s literacy rate could reach 85% by 2030.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “pivotal role” by the writer, in paragraph 1, suggest about the importance of education in India? 1(A) The writer is indifferent to the role of education. (B) The writer believes education is not important. (C) The writer is highlighting the essential role education plays in shaping India’s future. (D) The writer thinks education is not a priority.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : The dropout rate for girls in rural India is higher than for boys.

Reason : Lack of sanitation facilities and early marriage contribute to the high dropout rate for girls. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the percentage of Indian households with access to the internet in 2021, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two major government initiatives aimed at improving education access in India? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1The literacy rate in rural India remains lower than in urban areas, with rural literacy at just. The literacy rate in rural India is _____ (67% / 74% / 77%).

vi. What are some of the challenges mentioned in the passage that are preventing girls in rural India from continuing their education? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1The COVID-19 pandemic widened the digital divide in India, as only _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts predict that India’s literacy rate could reach 85% by 2030 because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is investing in infrastructure, teacher training, and digital education critical for the future of India’s education system? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The timeless appeal of stargazing offers aprofound connection to the cosmos, inspiring awe and wonder in countless individuals across generations. Looking up at the night sky, filled with countless stars, planets, and galaxies, provides a unique perspective on our place in the universe. This ancient practice, though simple in its execution, enriches our understanding of the vastness beyond Earth and encourages scientific curiosity. 2. One of the most compelling aspects of stargazing is its accessibility. Unlike many scientific pursuits that require specialized equipment or locations, observing the night sky needs only clear conditions and an open view. Even from light-polluted urban areas, major constellations, planets, and the moon can be spotted. In darker, rural settings, the Milky Way stretches gloriously across the heavens, visible to the naked eye. 3. Furthermore, stargazing serves as a powerful catalyst for scientific education and discovery. It often ignites a lifelong interest in astronomy, physics, and space exploration, particularly in young minds. Learning to identify constellations, track planetary movements, or understand celestial phenomena fosters critical thinking and observational skills. Many amateur astronomers contribute valuable data to professional research, aiding new discoveries. 4. Beyond its educational value, connecting with the night sky offers significant benefits for mental well-being. The vastness of the cosmos can provide a sense of perspective, making personal worries seem smaller and fostering tranquility. It encourages mindfulness and presence, as observers focus intently on the distant lights. This contemplative act can reduce stress, promote relaxation, and instill a sense of calm. 5. Stargazing also promotes a deeper appreciation for nature and the environment. Dark skies, free from excessive light pollution, are becoming increasingly rare and precious. The pursuit of stargazing often leads individuals to seek out and advocate for the preservation of these pristine nocturnal environments. It highlights the importance of environmental conservation not just for Earth, but for our view of the universe. 6. Ultimately, the act of looking up at the stars is an inherently human experience, bridging ancient curiosity with modern scientific understanding. It offers a universal spectacle that transcends cultural boundaries, inviting contemplation, inspiring creativity, and reinforcing our shared connection to something far greater than ourselves. The simple magic of the night sky continues to remind us of the endless possibilities of discovery.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why does the timeless appeal of stargazing offer a ‘profound connection’ in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, stargazing encourages all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) awe and wonder (B) a unique perspective on our place Page 2 Sample Paper 27 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL (C) scientific curiosity (D) disinterest in the universe

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Observing the night sky needs only clear conditions and an ______ (obstructed/open) view. (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘catalyst for scientific education’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) Stargazing discourages learning about science. (B) Stargazing hinders the development of scientific skills. (C) Stargazing is something that speeds up or helps the process of scientific learning.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1constellations : identification :: ______ :______ (Paragraph 3) (A) personal worries: perspective (B) light pollution: clear conditions

vi. What are the specific mental well-being benefits that connecting with the night sky offers, as explained in paragraph 4? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Stargazing benefits mental well-being. (ii) The cosmos increases personal worries. (iii) Stargazing promotes appreciation for nature and environment. (iv) Light pollution is not a concern for stargazing. (v) Dark skies are becoming more common. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How does the simple magic of the night sky continue to remind us of the endless possibilities of discovery? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. India’s space exploration efforts have made significant strides over the past few decades, positioning the country as a key player in the global space industry. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has launched over 300 satellites for various countries, and its cost-effective missions have earned it global recognition. In 2019, ISRO successfully launched the Chandrayaan-2 mission, aimed at studying the Moon’s surface, despite challenges in the landing phase. 2. The country’s most notable achievement came with the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) in 2014, making India the first Asian nation to reach Mars and the fourth country globally to do so. Remarkably, this mission was completed on a modest budget of `450 crore, showcasing ISRO’s ability to execute space missions at a fraction of the cost compared to other countries. 3. India’s space program has also contributed to several areas of societal development. The use of satellites for communication, weather forecasting, and disaster management has improved efficiency in agriculture, education, and rural connectivity. In 2022, ISRO launched its first dedicated satellite for rural broadband connectivity, benefiting millions of people in remote areas. NODIA APP Sample Paper 27 Solutions Page 3 4. Looking ahead, ISRO is planning several ambitious missions, including the Gaganyaan mission, which aims to send Indian astronauts to space by 2024. Additionally, the Aditya-L1 mission, set for 2023, will study the Sun’s outermost layer and its impact on the Earth’s climate. 5. Experts believe that with continued government support and investments in technology, India’s space program will continue to grow, playing a crucial role in advancing both science and technology on a global scale.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “significant strides” by the writer, in paragraph 1, suggest about India’s space exploration efforts? 1(A) The writer believes India’s space program has made little progress. (B) The writer is emphasizing the major achievements and progress made by India’s space program. (C) The writer is indifferent to the country’s space efforts. (D) The writer believes India’s space program has not had any notable accomplishments.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : The Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) was a major milestone for India.

Reason : Mangalyaan made India the first Asian nation to reach Mars and demonstrated ISRO’s cost-effective approach to space exploration. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the total cost of the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan), as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two major areas where India’s space program has contributed to societal development? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1ISRO’s Chandrayaan-2 mission in 2019 aimed to study the Moon, and despite challenges, it was considered a significant achievement in space exploration. Chandrayaan-2 was launched with the goal of studying the Moon’s (atmosphere / surface /interior).

vi. What are some of the future missions mentioned in the passage that ISRO is planning? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1ISRO’s Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) was completed on a budget of `450 crore, which _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts believe India’s space program will continue to grow because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is continued government support important for the future of India’s space program? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The fascinating history of chocolate, from a bitter ancient beverage to a beloved global confection, tells a compelling story of cultural exchange, innovation, and changing tastes. Originating in Mesoamerica thousands of years ago, the cacao bean has undergone a remarkable transformation. Understanding its journey offers a delicious insight into human ingenuity and the evolving role of food in society. 2. Ancient civilizations like the Mayans and Aztecs revered cacao, considering it a divine gift. They primarily consumed it as a bitter, frothy drink, often mixed with chili peppers, vanilla, or other spices, and used it in rituals and as currency. This early form of chocolate was far removed from the sweet bars we know today, highlighting its initial medicinal and ceremonial significance rather than purely culinary. 3. Cacao made its way to Europe in the 16th century, brought by Spanish conquistadors. Initially, Europeans found the bitter drink unappealing, but soon adapted it by adding sugar and honey, transforming it into a luxurious sweet beverage favored by the aristocracy. Chocolate houses emerged in major cities, becoming social hubs where the elite enjoyed this exotic new delicacy, marking its shift towards a more recreational role. 4. The Industrial Revolution spurred the next major transformation for chocolate. New technologies, such as the cocoa press invented by Coenraad Johannes van Houten in 1828, allowed for the extraction of cocoa butter, leading to powdered cocoa and solid chocolate. This innovation made chocolate cheaper and easier to produce, moving it from an exclusive luxury to a more widely accessible treat for the middle classes. 5. Further innovations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries refined chocolate into the smooth, melt-in-your-mouth bars we recognize today. Swiss chocolatiers like Daniel Peter (who invented milk chocolate) and Rodolphe Lindt (who developed the conching process) played crucial roles in creating modern chocolate. Their advancements improved texture and flavor, establishing the global chocolate industry as we know it. 6. Ultimately, chocolate’s journey from sacred bitter drink to mass-produced sweet reflects a continuous evolution driven by cultural adaptation, technological progress, and entrepreneurial spirit. Its enduring popularity across continents and demographics underscores its unique position as both a comfort food and a symbol of indulgence. The story of chocolate is, truly, a taste of human history itself.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why does the history of chocolate tell a ‘compelling story’ in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, understanding chocolate’s journey offers insight into all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) human ingenuity (B) unchanging food tastes Page 2 Sample Paper 28 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL (C) evolving role of food in society (D) cultural exchange

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Ancient civilizations like the Mayans and Aztecs primarily consumed cacao as a ______ (sweet bar/bitter drink). (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘exotic new delicacy’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) Chocolate was a familiar and common food in Europe. (B) Chocolate was a strange, exciting, and rare highly prized food in Europe. (C) Chocolate was a cheap and widely available food item.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1cocoa press : solid chocolate :: ______ :______ (Paragraph 4) (A) chili peppers: sweet taste (B) conching process: smooth texture

vi. What were the key characteristics and uses of early forms of chocolate by ancient civilizations, as described in paragraph 2? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) The Industrial Revolution transformed chocolate production. (ii) New technologies made chocolate more expensive. (iii) Further innovations refined modern chocolate bars. (iv) Swiss chocolatiers hindered chocolate development. (v) Milk chocolate was invented in ancient times. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) ii iv (B) i iii (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How does chocolate’s journey reflect a continuous evolution, as explained in paragraph 6? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The study of sleep and its effects on the human body has advanced significantly in recent years. Research indicates that adults need between 7 and 9 hours of sleep per night for optimal health. However, global surveys reveal that 35% of adults consistently sleep less than 7 hours, with 50 to 70 million people suffering from sleep disorders. Chronic sleep deprivation has been linked to a 45% increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease, along with obesity and impaired cognitive function. 2. One of the most significant findings in sleep research is the role of sleep in memory consolidation. Studies show that during sleep, particularly deep sleep, the brain processes and consolidates information from the day. Individuals who sleep for fewer than 6 hours are 30% less likely to retain new information compared to those who sleep for at least 7 hours. 3. The economic impact of sleep deprivation is considerable. A study conducted in 2016 estimated that insufficient sleep costs the global economy over $680 billion annually in lost productivity and increased healthcare expenses. In countries where NODIA APP Sample Paper 28 Solutions Page 3 sleep disorders are prevalent, the productivity loss accounts for 2-3% of GDP. 4. Researchers are exploring ways to improve sleep quality, such as establishing regular sleep patterns, reducing screen time before bed, and creating environments conducive to sleep. In addition, recent innovations such as wearable sleep trackers have helped millions of individuals monitor and improve their sleep patterns. 5. Experts predict that as awareness of the importance of sleep grows, more emphasis will be placed on sleep hygiene and the development of treatments for sleep disorders, leading to improved health outcomes and economic benefits globally.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the phrase “chronic sleep deprivation” in paragraph 1 indicate about sleep-related health risks? 1(A) It suggests minor health issues. (B) It refers to a long-term lack of sleep causing serious health risks. (C) It only affects mental performance. (D) It results in no significant health issues.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : Sleep deprivation negatively impacts memory.

Reason : Studies have shown that people who sleep fewer than 6 hours are 30% less likely to retain new information. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii Identify the global economic cost of sleep deprivation as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two major health issues linked to chronic sleep deprivation? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1Sleep deprivation has been associated with various health issues, including cardiovascular disease and impaired cognitive function. Chronic sleep deprivation is also linked to an increased risk of (obesity / insomnia / fatigue).

vi. What are some strategies mentioned in the passage to improve sleep quality? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1Sleep deprivation costs the global economy over $680 billion annually, primarily due to _____ and _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : Researchers believe sleep quality can improve through _____. 1

ix. the context of paragraph 5, why is growing awareness of the importance of sleep critical for future health and economic outcomes? 2

Read the following text. 10

1. The growing importance of soft skills in today’s dynamic professional landscape is being increasingly recognized by employers across all sectors. Beyond technical expertise, abilities like communication, teamwork, adaptability, and problem-solving are proving crucial for career success and personal effectiveness. These interpersonal qualities, often developed through experience, are vital for navigating complex work environments and fostering positive collaboration. 2. Excellent communication skills form a cornerstone of effective soft skills. This involves not only clear verbal and written expression but also active listening and empathetic understanding. Being able to articulate ideas persuasively, convey information precisely, and understand others’ perspectives facilitates smooth interactions, prevents misunderstandings, and builds stronger professional relationships within teams and with clients. 3. Furthermore, teamwork and collaboration are indispensable in modern workplaces. Projects increasingly require individuals to work effectively in diverse groups, pooling their talents and contributing collectively towards shared goals. The ability to cooperate, negotiate, resolve conflicts constructively, and support colleagues fosters a productive and harmonious work environment, leading to better outcomes and innovation. 4. Adaptability is another highly valued soft skill, particularly in rapidly evolving industries. The pace of technological change and market shifts demands that professionals be flexible, open to new ideas, and willing to learn continuously. Individuals who can quickly adjust to new roles, technologies, or challenges are more resilient and effective, ensuring they remain relevant and valuable in dynamic work settings. 5. Problem-solving abilities are also paramount for navigating professional challenges. This involves analyzing complex situations, identifying root causes, developing creative solutions, and implementing them effectively. Employers seek individuals who can think critically under pressure, approach obstacles with a proactive mindset, and contribute innovative ideas, rather than simply presenting issues without solutions. 6. Ultimately, investing in the development of soft skills is as crucial as mastering technical expertise for long-term career growth. These versatile abilities enhance individual performance, strengthen team dynamics, and contribute to overall organizational success. By prioritizing their cultivation, individuals not only boost their employability but also build the foundational qualities for leadership, innovation, and a fulfilling professional journey in any field. Page 2 Sample Paper 29 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why is the growing importance of soft skills being ‘increasingly recognized’ in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, soft skills are proving crucial for all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) career success (B) personal effectiveness (C) fostering positive collaboration (D) creating complex work environments

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Excellent communication skills involve not only clear expression but also ______ (active listening/passive speaking). (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘indispensable in modern workplaces’ suggests in paragraph 3. 1(A) Teamwork and collaboration are not necessary in today’s jobs. (B) Teamwork and collaboration are absolutely essential and cannot be done without in contemporary work settings. (C) Teamwork and collaboration are only required in very specific types of jobs.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1adaptability : flexible :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 4) (A) communication: clear expression (B) problem-solving: identifying issues

vi. What are the various components that excellent communication skills encompass, as described in paragraph 2? 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Adaptability is a highly valued soft skill in evolving industries. (ii) Professionals should resist learning new technologies. (iii) Problem-solving abilities are paramount for professional challenges. (iv) Employers only seek individuals who present problems, not solutions. (v) Critical thinking under pressure is unimportant. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How does investing in the development of soft skills contribute to long-term career growth and overall organizational success? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. India’s advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have gained momentum in recent years, positioning the country as a key player in the global AI industry. The Indian government launched the National AI Strategy in 2018 to enhance AI research, development, and adoption across various sectors, including healthcare, agriculture, and education. By 2023, India’s AI market was valued at over `30,000 crore, with numerous NODIA APP Sample Paper 29 Solutions Page 3 startups and tech companies contributing to its growth. 2. A notable achievement in AI was India’s development of AI-based diagnostic tools in 2020 to assist doctors in detecting diseases like COVID-19, tuberculosis, and cancer. These tools have significantly improved diagnostic accuracy and reduced the workload on medical professionals, allowing faster and more efficient patient care. 3. AI’s role in agriculture has been transformational, with AI-powered applications enabling farmers to make data-driven decisions. These tools help optimize crop yields, predict weather patterns, and manage resources more effectively. In 2022, AI applications were used by over 10 million farmers across the country, improving productivity and reducing costs. 4. Looking forward, India plans to invest heavily in AI research, with the goal of becoming a global AI hub by 2030. Initiatives include the development of AI-based education platforms and smart cities that rely on AI for efficient governance and urban planning. 5. Experts believe that with continued government support, investment in AI technology, and collaborations with global tech giants, India’s AI sector will continue to flourish, driving economic growth and societal benefits.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “gained momentum” by the writer, in paragraph 1, suggest about India’s AI advancements? 1(A) The writer believes India’s AI sector has slowed down. (B) The writer is emphasizing the rapid progress made in India’s AI sector. (C) The writer feels there has been little development in India’s AI sector. (D) The writer is indifferent to India’s AI efforts.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1

Assertion : AI-based diagnostic tools have been a major achievement for India.

Reason : These tools have helped reduce diagnostic accuracy and increased the workload on medical professionals. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the year in which India launched the National AI Strategy, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. According to the passage, what are two sectors where AI has made a significant impact? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1AI applications in agriculture have revolutionized the way farmers make decisions, improving efficiency and reducing costs for millions of users. In 2022, AI applications helped over 10 million farmers by improving _____. (transportation / productivity / government policies)

vi. What are some of the future AI initiatives mentioned in the passage that India is planning? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1India’s AI market was valued at `30,000 crore by 2023, which _____.

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts believe India’s AI sector will continue to grow because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is continued government support important for the future of India’s AI sector? 2Let me know if this works or if you need further adjustments!

Read the following text. 10

1. The escalating global concern regarding food waste presents a significant paradox in a world where millions still face hunger and malnutrition. Astonishingly, a substantial portion of all food produced globally is either lost or wasted along the supply chain, from farm to fork. This pervasive issue not only represents a tragic squandering of valuable resources but also contributes significantly to environmental degradation and economic inefficiency, demanding urgent intervention. 2. A primary contributor to food waste stems from inefficiencies in agricultural practices and post-harvest handling. In many developing regions, inadequate storage facilities, poor transportation networks, and insufficient processing technologies lead to considerable spoilage before products even reach markets. Pests, improper temperature control, and lack of immediate refrigeration are common culprits, causing edible food to be discarded prematurely. Addressing these infrastructural gaps is crucial for reduction. 3. Furthermore, retail and consumer behavior play a significant role in exacerbating the problem. Supermarkets often reject perfectly edible produce due to strict aesthetic standards, leading to ‘ugly’ fruits and vegetables being discarded. At the household level, factors like over-purchasing, confusion over ‘best-before’ vs. ‘use-by’ dates, large portion sizes, and poor meal planning frequently result in perfectly good food being thrown away. Educating consumers on these aspects is vital for behavioral change. 4. The environmental repercussions of food waste are profound. When food is disposed of in landfills, it decomposes anaerobically, producing methane, a potent greenhouse gas significantly more damaging than carbon dioxide. This contributes directly to climate change. Moreover, the resources invested in producing wasted food—water, land, energy, and labor—are also squandered, further increasing the environmental footprint. Reducing food waste is a powerful climate action. 5. Tackling the issue of food waste requires a comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach. Governments can implement policies to standardize date labeling, encourage food donation, and invest in sustainable agricultural infrastructure. Businesses, including farms, retailers, and restaurants, must optimize their supply chains, adopt ‘no-waste’ menus, and explore innovative ways to repurpose surplus food. Individual consumers, meanwhile, have a critical role to play through conscious shopping, proper storage, and mindful consumption. 6. Ultimately, mitigating food waste is an ethical imperative that aligns with both environmental stewardship and social equity. By fostering greater awareness, promoting sustainable practices at every stage of the food system, and encouraging collaborative efforts, societies can move towards a future where food is valued and utilized to its fullest potential. This collective commitment is essential to ensure food security for all and preserve planetary health for generations to come. Page 2 Sample Paper 30 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. Why is the escalating global concern regarding food waste described as a ‘significant paradox’ in paragraph 1? 1

ii. According to paragraph 1, the pervasive issue of food waste contributes to all of the following EXCEPT: 1(A) tragic squandering of resources (B) environmental degradation (C) economic efficiency (D) demand for urgent intervention

iii. Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1Inadequate storage facilities and poor transportation networks lead to considerable ______ (spoilage/enhancement) of food. (Paragraph 2)

iv. Select the option that is True from (A)-(C) given for what the phrase, ‘common culprits’ suggests in paragraph 2. 1(A) These are effective solutions to prevent food spoilage. (B) These are the main causes or reasons for the problem of food being discarded. (C) These are rarely seen factors in food waste management.

v. Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (A), (B) 1landfills : methane :: ______ : ______ (Paragraph 4) (A) over-purchasing: proper storage (B) wasted food: squandered resources

vi. Why do retail and consumer behaviors significantly exacerbate the food waste problem? (Paragraph 3) 2

vii. What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? 1(i) Businesses have no role in reducing waste. (ii) Reducing food waste has no climate benefits. (iii) Food waste produces methane, a potent greenhouse gas. (iv) Only governments can solve the food waste problem. (v) A comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach is needed to tackle food waste. Select the correct option.

Options Main idea of paragraph 4 Main idea of paragraph 5

(A) i iii (B) ii iv (C) v i(D) iii v

viii. How does tackling food waste align with both environmental stewardship and social equity? (Paragraph 6) 2

Read the following text. 10

1. Celebrity endorsements have been a central part of advertising for decades. In the early 2000s, Britney Spears became synonymous with Pepsi advertisements, appearing in over 12 major campaigns. Beyoncé later continued this legacy with a `370 crore deal. However, her promotion of Pepsi sparked controversy, as health advocates questioned her support of a product NODIA APP Sample Paper 30 Solutions Page 3 linked to obesity. Despite the backlash, celebrity endorsements remain a powerful tool for brands. 2. Social media has transformed the nature of celebrity endorsements. By 2020, 72% of brands were using social media platforms to reach younger audiences. The global influencer marketing industry, closely tied to social media endorsements, was valued at `8,000 crore. Social media helps brands build trust and familiarity through celebrity connections, making endorsements more personal and impactful on purchasing decisions. 3. According to Nielson’s 2015 research, younger generations resonate more with celebrity endorsements. Generation Z (ages 15-20) has the highest connection at 16%, followed by Millennials (ages 21-34) at 14%. Gen X (ages 35-49), Boomers (ages 50-64), and the Silent Generation (ages 65+) show significantly lower trust in celebrity endorsements, with 8%, 7%, and 2% respectively. 4. While celebrity endorsements can draw attention to a brand, their direct influence on purchasing decisions is becoming less reliable. A 2019 survey found that 55% of consumers would abandon a product if it didn’t meet their expectations, despite celebrity promotion. Brands need to deliver quality beyond endorsements to ensure long-term success. 5. Brands must show how their product solves individual problems, instead of relying solely on celebrities for long-term value. If a product fails to meet expectations, no amount of celebrity backing will retain consumer loyalty.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above. i. What does the use of the phrase “synonymous with Pepsi advertisements” by the writer, in paragraph 1, suggest about Britney Spears? 1(A) Britney Spears had little influence on Pepsi’s advertising campaign. (B) Britney Spears became closely associated with Pepsi during her time as its spokesperson. (C) Britney Spears was briefly involved with Pepsi before moving to other endorsements. (D) Britney Spears had no long-term involvement with Pepsi.

ii. Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below : 1Assertion : Social media has played a major role in the evolution of celebrity endorsements. Reason : Social media platforms provide a direct way for consumers to interact with brands and celebrities. (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason explains the assertion. (B) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason does not explain the assertion. (C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false. (D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

iii. Identify the generation with the highest level of trust in celebrity endorsements, as mentioned in the passage. 1

iv. Based on the figure in the passage, which generation shows the lowest level of trust in celebrity endorsements? 1

v. Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank : 1Celebrity endorsements resonate most strongly with younger generations, as shown by their engagement on social media platforms. In the Nielson research, the generation with the highest trust in celebrity endorsements was _____. (Gen Z / Millennials / Boomers)

vi. What are some of the ways social media has changed the nature of celebrity endorsements, as mentioned in the passage? 1

vii. Complete the sentence suitably. 1Celebrity endorsements can draw consumers to a brand, but _____. Page 4 Sample Paper 30 Solutions CBSE 10th English LL

viii. Complete the following with a suitable reason : 1 Experts believe the long-term success of a product depends less on celebrity endorsements because _____.

ix. In the context of paragraph 5, why is it important for brands to focus on solving individual problems instead of relying solely on celebrity endorsements? 2